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CATALOGUE 

OF  THE 

PORTRAITS 

AND  OTHER 

WORKS  OF  ART 

INDEPENDENCE  HALL 

% 

PHILADELPHIA 

WITH  A  SHORT  HISTORICAL  SKETCH 
OF  THE  BUILDINGS  COMPRISING 
THE  STATE  HOUSE  ROW 


Copyright,  1915, 

by  Wilfred  Jordan  and 
Carl  Magee  Kneass 


Photographs  by  Ph.  B.  Wallace 


5n$0!Bf  C*  Gj>  j 


ri  b%.\ 


“Eighty-two  years  ago  this  day  a  deed  which 
neither  France  nor  England,  Greece  nor 
Rome,  ever  witnessed,  was  done  in  Indepen¬ 
dence  Hall,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia;  a 
deed  that  cannot  be  matched  in  the  history  of 
the  world.  That  old  Hall  should  forever  be 
kept  sacred  as  the  scene  of  such  a  deed.  Let 
the  rains  of  Heaven  distil  gently  on  its  roof, 
and  the  storms  of  winter  beat  softly  on  its 
door.  As  each  successive  generation  of  those 
who  have  been  benefited  by  the  great  Decla¬ 
ration  made  within  its  walls  shall  make  their 
pilgrimage  to  that  shrine,  may  they  think  it 
not  unseemly  to  call  its  walls  salvation  and  its 
gates  praise!” 

From  a  Fourth  of  July  oration  delivered 

by  Edward  Everett  in  Boston,  1858. 


3 


“Robert  Edge  Pine,  an  English  artist,  and 
follower  of  John  Wilkes,  came  to  this  country 
in  1784.  He  brought  with  him  a  number  of 
paintings  and  opened  an  exhibition  of  them 
in  the  State  House,  where  he  also  conducted 
a  studio. 

This  was  the  earliest  exhibition  of  pictures 
ever  held  in  America.” 


4 


A  SHORT  HISTORY 
OF  INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL — or  the  State  House  of 
Pennsylvania,  as  it  was  originally  called— now 
comprises  the  main,  or  central  building,  the  two 
arcades  connecting  it  with  two  two-story  buildings, 
called  the  wings,  and  the  two  larger  buildings,  one  on 
the  corner  of  Fifth  Street  and  the  other  on  the  corner 
of  Sixth  Street. 

The  State  House  and  wings  were  designed  and 
built  by  Andrew  Hamilton,  a  barrister  of  Philadelphia. 
The  two  others,  the  lots  for  which  he  created  a  trust, 
were  not  built  until  after  the  close  of  the  Revolution. 
The  whole  together,  as  completed,  has  a  frontage  on 
Chestnut  Street  of  396  feet,  and  was  at  the  time  of 
its  completion  the  largest  building  for  State  and 
municipal  purposes  in  America. 

After  the  Provincial  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania 
had  been  compelled  to  “hire  a  house  annually”  to 
hold  its  meetings  in,  the  Journal  tells  us  that,  on  the 
first  of  May,  1729,  “the  House  took  i^no  considera¬ 
tion  the  necessity  of  a  House  of  the  Assembly  for  this 
Province  to  meet  in,  and  it  was  unanimously  resolved 
that  £2000  of  the  £30,000  then  to  be  emitted  in  paper 
currency  should  be  appropriated  towards  building 
such  a  House,” 


5 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


The  original  draft  of  this  bill,  with  its  inter¬ 
lineations  and  amendments  in  the  handwriting  of 
Andrew  Hamilton,  is  still  preserved. 

Andrew  Hamilton,  a  member  of  the  Assembly, 
who  was  one  of  a  committee  of  three  appointed  to 
select  a  site  and  put  up  the  building,  authorized  Wil¬ 
liam  Allen,  a  prominent  merchant  of  Philadelphia,  to 
buy,  in  his  own  name  for  the  use  of  the  Province,  the 
first  piece  of  ground  necessary.  This  was  in  1730, 
and  by  1732  Hamilton  succeeded  in  getting  the  bal¬ 
ance  of  ground  needed.  In  the  spring  of  1732  ground 
was  broken,  and  the  building  begun. 

It  fell  to  Mr.  Hamilton  to  carry  out  the  design 
of  the  noble  building  he  had  planned;  and,  as  usual 
in  those  days  as  well  as  in  our  own,  while  seeking 
conscientiously  to  serve  the  public  without  fee  or 
reward,  he  was  repaid  by  malicious  insinuations  and 
active  opposition.  The  Assembly,  however,  by  formal 
resolution  approved  all  he  did,  and  made  Mr.  Hamil¬ 
ton  the  first  superintendent  of  the  building. 

On  August  8,  1732,  the  Assembly  purchased  from 
Mr.  Allen  the  ground  upon  which  the  State  House 
was  built.  . 

The  first  public  use  to  which  any  portion  of  the 
building  was  put  was  for  a  banquet  to  the  citizens  of 
Philadelphia  by  Mr.  Allen,  who  was  then  Mayor.  This 
banquet  was  given  in  September,  1736,  in  what  has 
ever  since  been  known  as  the  Banqueting  Hall. 

6 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL,  PHILADELPHIA 


isial 


mm 


I  ||i ; 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


The  first  occupancy  of  the  State  House  by  the 
Legislature  was  in  October,  1736,  when  Andrew  Ham¬ 
ilton  was  elected  Speaker  for  the  seventh  term,  and 
Benjamin  Franklin  was  clerk.  The  building  was  still 
unfinished  in  1741,  and  in  the  summer  of  that  year 
the  Assembly  insisted  that  at  least  the  plastering  and 
glazing  should  be  finished  for  the  next  session,  and  that 
“the  whole  building  with  all  its  parts  should  be  fin¬ 
ished  without  delay.” 

In  1745  the  finishing  touches  were  given  to  the 
Assembly  Boom — the  east  room — and  a  handsome  sil¬ 
ver  inkstand  (the  one  which  was  later  used  in  signing 
the  Declaration  of  Independence)  was  provided  for  the 
Speaker’s  table,  at  a  cost  of  £25  16s. 

The  second  room  prepared  for  use  was  the  west¬ 
ern  or  Judicial  Chamber,  on  the  first  floor.  In  1743 
it  was  ordered  to  be  finished  upon  a  plan  correspond¬ 
ing  in  style  with  the  Assembly  Boom. 

In  October,  1748,  the  Governor’s  Council  took 
possession  of  the  western  chamber  in  the  second  story, 
which  thereafter  became  known  as  1 1  the  Council 
Chamber.  ’  ’ 

The  staircase  leading  to  the  Council  Chamber, 
and  to  the  other  two  rooms  on  this  floor,  the  Banquet¬ 
ing  Hall  and  the  room  of  the  Clerks  of  the  Assembly, 
was  completed  as  early  as  1741. 

In  1750  the  Assembly  ordered  the  tower  to  be 
carried  up,  ‘  ‘  to  contain  the  staircase,  with  a  suitable 
place  thereon  for  hanging  a  Bell,”  and  in  June,  1753, 

8 


INDEPENDENCE  CHAMBER 
Room  in  which  the  Declaration  was  Signed 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTUKES 


Pass  &  Stow  placed  in  position  in  the  State  House 
steeple  a  “new  great  Bell,  weighing  2080  lbs.  with 
this  motto :  ‘  Proclaim  Liberty  throughout  all  the  land 
unto  all  the  inhabitants  thereof. — Lev.  xxv:10.’  ” 

Pass  &  Stow  were  paid  in  September  following 
£60  13s  5d. 

In  1752  a  clock  was  ordered,  and  in  1759  it  was 
in  place  and  paid  for.  The  State  House  was  prac¬ 
tically  completed  at  this  time. 


SOME  OF  THE  NOTABLE  EVENTS  IN 
INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


THE  notable  events  that  have  taken  place  in 
the  old  State  House  the  following  are  of  especial 
interest : 

On  June  16,  1775,  Washington  accepted  his  ap¬ 
pointment  as  General  of  the  Continental  Army  in  the 
east  room  (Declaration  Chamber). 

On  July  4,  1776,  the  declaration  of  the  Colonies 
that  they  were  and  of  right  ought  to  be  free  and 
independent  States  was  made  in  the  east  room 
(Declaration  Chamber). 

The  Convention  to  form  a  new  Constitution  for 
Pennsylvania  met  in  the  west  (Supreme  Court) 
chamber  July  15 — September  28,  1776.  This  Conven¬ 
tion  unanimously  approved  the  Declaration  of  Inde¬ 
pendence,  and  on  July  20,  1776,  elected  to  Congress 
the  delegates  who  were  the  Signers  in  behalf  of 
Pennsylvania  of  that  document. 

10 


PRESIDENT’S  CHAIR  AND  TABLE  USED  BY  THE 
SIGNERS  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


The  American  officers  taken  at  the  Battles  of  the 
Brandywine  (September  11,  1777)  and  Germantown 
(October  4,  1777)  were  held  in  the  Declaration 
Chamber  by  the  British  as  prisoners  of  war. 

Congress,  which  had  left  Philadelphia  in  Decem¬ 
ber,  1776,  reconvened  in  the  east  room  March  4,  1777 ; 
they  left  again  September  18,  returned  July  2,  1778, 
and'  continued  to  sit  here  until  the  close  of  the  Revo¬ 
lution. 

On  July  9,  1778,  the  Articles  of  Confederation 
and  perpetual  union  between  the  States  were  signed 
in  the  Declaration  Chamber  by  eight  States.  The 
five  remaining  signed  later,  the  last  (Maryland)  on 
March  1,  1781. 

> 

The  Federal  Convention  to  frame  a  Constitution 
for  the  United  States  met  in  this  chamber  May  14 
— September  17,  1787,  and,  after  final  action  and  en¬ 
grossing  of  the  Constitution,  those  present  affixed  to 
it  their  signatures. 

The  Convention  for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania 
ratified  the  Federal  Constitution  here  on  December 
13,  1787.  The  Convention  to  frame  the  Constitu¬ 
tion  of  Pennsylvania  of  1790  met  in  this  chamber 
also. 

In  1802  the  whole  of  the  second  floor  of  the  State 
House  was  used  as  the  Peale  Museum,  Charles  W. 
Peale,  the  portrait  painter,  having  been  granted  the 
use  of  it  by  the  Legislature  rent  free.  The  Museum 
contained  a  number  of  portraits  of  distinguished  per- 

12 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


sons,  painted  from  life,  chiefly  by  Peale  himself  and 
his  son,  Rembrandt  Peale.  There  was  a  collection  of 
birds,  with  the  scenery  appropriate  to  each — moun¬ 
tains,  plains,  water,  etc.  Insects  were  also  exhibited. 
The  Marine  Room  contained  many  amphibious  ani¬ 
mals,  as  well  as  a  variety  of  fishes.  Minerals  and 
fossils  were  also  displayed.  There  was,  too,  a  perfect 
skeleton  of  a  mammoth. 

In  1824  Lafayette  visited  Philadelphia,  and  was 
given  a  reception  in  Independence  Chamber. 

While  the  body  of  John  Marshall,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  was  being  re¬ 
moved,  from  the  house  on  Walnut  Street  in  which  he 
died,  to  Virginia  for  burial,  the  Liberty  Bell  was  or¬ 
dered  tolled  in  honor  of  the  great  jurist.  This  was  on 
July  8,  1835,  and  it  was  while  being  thus  tolled  that 
the  Bell  became  cracked. 

The  bodies  of  Henry  Clay  (1852),  Elisha  Kent 
Kane,  the  Arctic  explorer  (1857),  and  Abraham  Lin¬ 
coln  (1865)  were  among  those  which  lay  in  state  in 
Independence  Hall. 


THE  CITY  AND  THE  COUNTY  BUILDINGS 

\7LTHILE  the  constructive  work  of  Andrew  Hamil- 
y  Y  ton  embraced  only  the  State  House  and  adjoin¬ 
ing  offices,  he  had  recognized  that  the  city  and  county 
would  require  better  accommodations,  and  he  had 
created  a  trust  in  the  two  pieces  of  ground  on  which 

13 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


stand  Congress  Hall  (the  County  Building),  at  the 
corner  of  Chestnut  and  Sixth  Streets,  and  the  old 
City  Hall,  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  Street.  In  order 
to  bring  the  whole  facade  into  one  general  effect  Mr. 
Hamilton  had  stipulated  that  the  buildings  should  be 
of  like  form,  structure  and  dimensions. 

The  County  Building  was  begun  in  1787  and  fin¬ 
ished  in  1789.  The  City  Hall  Building  was  begun  in 
1789  and  finished  in  1791. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  occupied  the 
County  Building  from  the  beginning  of  its  third  ses¬ 
sion,  December  6,  1790,  until  the  seat  of  government 
was  removed  to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  in 
1800. 

Washington  was  inaugurated  in  this  building  for 
his  second  term  as  President  of  the  United  States 
(March  4,  1793),  and  John  Adams  was  inaugurated 
here  on  March  4,  1797.  The  House  of  Representatives 
occupied  the  lower  floor;  the  Senate  occupied  the 
second  floor. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  held 
its  first  session  on  the  second  floor  of  the  City  Build¬ 
ing,  beginning  February  7,  1791,  and  continuing 
until  August  15,  1800.  The  Supreme  Court  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania  sat  on  the  second  floor  of  this  building  also. 

The  Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Common  Councilmen 
sat  as  one  body  in  the  large  back  room  on  the  first 
floor.  Adjoining,  on  the  west  side,  was  the  Mayor’s 
office,  which  was  so  used  until  March  27,  1895,  when 
the  office  was  moved  to  the  new  City  Hall. 

14 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


The  committee  for  the  War  of  1812  and  that  for 
the  Civil  War  sat  in  this  building. 

In  March,  1812,  Philadelphia  got  permission  from 
the  Legislature  to  remove  a  portion  of  the  wings  of 
the  building,  including  the  arcades,  and  to  construct 
buildings  for  the  public  uses  of  the  day. 

The  new  buildings  were  carefully  planned,  and 
erected  by  Robert  Mills,  the  architect. 

PHILADELPHIA  BUYS  THE  PROPERTY 

|N  1816  the  City  of  Philadelphia  became  the  actual 
owner  of  the  entire  property.  The  deed  of  sale 
was  formally  executed  June  29,  1818,  for  and  in  con¬ 
sideration  of  the  sum  of  $70,000. 

Several  changes  seem  to  have  taken  place  at  this 
time.  Congress  Hall  was  fitted  up  for  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  which  since  1802  had  been  sitting 
in  Independence  Hall. 

In  1854  the  second  story  of  the  State  House  was 
fitted  up  for  the  use  of  City  Councils,  which  continued 
to  meet  there  until  1895. 

Some  years  later  the  whole  group  of  buildings 
was  restored,  and  now  Independence  Chamber  is  kept 
as  nearly  as  possible  in  its  original  state,  as  a 
memorial  of  the  year  1776  and  its  associations. 

The  building  at  the  corner  of  Chestnut  and  Sixth 
Streets  (Congress  Hall)  was  restored  in  1913,  and  it 
is  hoped  in  the  near  future  to  restore  the  City 
Building  at  Fifth  Street. 


15 


: 


i>!U)rai  urns  | 


Stow 


THE  LIBERTY  BELL 


ARRANGEMENT  AND  LOCATION 
OF  THE  PICTURES 


HE  nucleus  of  the  collection  of  historical  portraits  at 


Independence  Hall  is  based  on  the  paintings  secured  from 
the  famous  Peale  Museum,  which  at  one  time  occupied  the 
upper  floor  of  this  building. 

At  the  time  of  their  sale  at  public  auction,  in  1854,  a 
number  of  Charles  Willson  Peale ’s  original  portraits  of  the 
Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Revolutionary 
heroes  and  men  of  affairs  in  the  early  history  of  the  United 
States  were  bought  by  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and  re¬ 
stored  to  the  old  State  House. 

In  addition  to  the  Peale  portraits  there  is  a  unique 
collection  of  pastel  portraits  by  James  Sharpless,  some 
excellent  examples  of  Beujamin  West,  and  valuable  por¬ 
traits  by  Gilbert  Stuart,  Robert  Edge  Pine,  Thomas  Sully, 
Allan  Ramsay  and  others,  together  with  William  Rush’s 
masterpiece:  a  full-length  statue,  after  Stuart,  of  George 
Washington,  carved  in  wood.  The  arrangement  of  the  col¬ 
lection  has  been  made  without  regard  to  artistic  value  of  the 
portraits,  the  aim  being  to  follow  a  careful  historic  classifi¬ 
cation  in  chronological  order. 

The  chamber  to  the  immediate  left  of  the  Chestnut 
Street  entrance — the  room  in  which  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  was  signed — is  fittingly  dedicated  to  the 
portraits  of  the  Signers  of  that  historic  document. 

The  opposite  chamber  is  the  room  in  which  the  Supreme 
Court  sat.  Here  are  hung  the  portraits  of  the  Judges  who 
presided  over  it. 

The  vestibule  and  first  story  of  the  tower  contain  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  full-length  portraits  of  important 
personages,  including  a  group  of  British  Kings  and  Queens. 

On  the  second  floor  the  Banqueting  Chamber  is  confined 
exclusively  to  portraits  of  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  The  Governor’s  Council  Chamber  contains  por¬ 
traits  of  the  French,  and  other  foreign  allies,  and  Wash¬ 
ington  and  his  Staff;  while  the  opposite  chamber,  used  by 


17 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 

the  Clerks  of  the  Assembly,  is  devoted  to  portraits  of  the 
framers  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  together 
with  a  few  other  miscellaneous  pictures. 

This  catalogue  is  alphabetically  arranged  under  the 
name  of  the  subject.  The  number  of  each  portrait  is  printed 
at  the  left  of  the  name,  and  corresponds  with  the  number 
on  the  frame  of  the  picture. 

There  are  portraits  of  all  but  eight  of  the  Signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  These  are  Button  Gwin¬ 
nett,  Lyman  Hall,  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  John  Penn,  Caesar 
Rodney,  James  Smith,  Matthew  Thornton  and  John  Morton. 
Of  these  Signers  there  are  no  authentic  portraits  known  to 
exist,  and  for  this  reason  they  are  not  represented  in  this 
collection. 


18 


CATALOGUE 


1.  ABOVILLE,  FRANCOIS  M. 


A.  Rosenthal 


( After  an  original  owned  by  the  family) 


A  French  Count.  Born  1730;  died  1817.  He  distin¬ 
guished  himself  as  a  young  officer  of  artillery  at  the 
siege  of  Munster,  came  to  America  with  the  rank  of 
Colonel,  commanded  the  artillery  of  Rochambeau’s 
army  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and  was  made  a  Briga¬ 
dier  in  1788.  He  commanded  the  French  Army  of  the 
North  in  1792,  and  was  Governor  of  Brest  in  1809, 
with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-General.  Embracing  the 
cause  of  the  Bourbons,  he  was  made  a  peer  of  France 
after  the  restoration. 


2.  ADAMS,  JOHN 


Charles  W.  Peale 


Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  second  President  of  the  United  States. 
Born  1735;  died  1826.  Was  graduated  from  Harvard 
in  1755,  and  took  charge  of  the  grammar  school  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  for  a  short  time,  after  which 
he  became  a  lawyer.  He  removed  from  Worcester  to 
Boston,  when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  five  dele¬ 
gates  to  the  Continental  Congress.  Adams  was  one  of 
the  warmest  supporters  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde¬ 
pendence.  In  1778  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner 
to  France,  and  subsequently  commissioner  to  treat  for 
peace  with  Great  Britain.  After  serving  as  Minister 
to  the  Court  of  St.  James  he  became,  upon  the  election 
of  Washington,  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
and  after  Washington’s  retirement  was  chosen  Presi¬ 
dent  by  a  small  majority. 


3.  ADAMS,  SAMUEL 


B.  Onthank 

(After  J.  S.  Copley) 


Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  Born  1722;  died  1803.  He  was  graduated 


19 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


from  Harvard  in  1740,  and  in  1764  drafted  the  instruc¬ 
tions  given  by  the  town  of  Boston  to  its  newly  chosen 
representatives  with  reference  to  Grenville’s  proposed 
Stamp  Act.  These  instructions  were  the  first  public 
protest  in  America  against  the  right  of  Parliament  to 
tax  the  Colonies.  In  1765  he  was  chosen  one  of  the 
three  representatives  to  the  General  Court  from  the 
town  of  Boston,  and  at  the  time  of  the  Boston 
Massacre  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  stirring  events 
of  the  day.  In  June,  1774,  at  a  meeting  of  the  General 
Court  it  was  proposed  that  a  Continental  Congress 
meet  in  Philadelphia.  Samuel  Adams  was  chosen  one 
of  the  five  delegates  to  this  Congress,  and  was  promi¬ 
nent  by  his  energy  and  ability,  not  only  in  Congress, 
but  also  in  the  formation  of  the  State  Constitution 
of  Massachusetts.  He  was  the  author  of  many  pam¬ 
phlets  and  State  papers. 

4.  ALEXANDER,  WILLIAM  Bass  Otis 

(After  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds ) 

Called  “Lord  Stirling.”  General  in  the  American 
Revolution.  Born  1726;  died  1783.  He  joined  the 
Commissary  of  the  British  army,  and  attracted  the 
notice  of  Governor  Shirley,  who  appointed  him  his  per¬ 
sonal  aide-de-camp  and  private  secretary.  When  the 
Revolution  broke  out  he  was  commissioned  a  Colonel 
in  the  Continental  Army,  and  in  1776  was  raised  to 
Brigadier-General,  and  in  1777  to  Major-General.  He 
commanded  New  York  for  a  time,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Long  Island,  Brandywine,  Germantown 
and  Monmouth.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  King’s 
College,  now  Columbia  University. 

5.  ALLEN,  WILLIAM  Benjamin  West 

Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania  1750-1774.  Born  1710; 
died  1780.  He  was  a  distinguished  patron  of  literature 
and  the  arts.  He  was  appointed  recorder  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia  in  1741.  Allen  was  of  great  assistance 
to  the  celebrated  artist  Benjamin  West,  and  cooperated 
with  Benjamin  Franklin  in  establishing  the  College 
of  Philadelphia.  Being  a  Loyalist  he  withdrew  to 

20 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON 
Painted  from  life  by  James  Peale 


21 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


England  in  1774,  where  he  published  ‘‘The  American 
Crisis,”  suggesting  a  plan  for  restoring  the  depend¬ 
ence  of  the  American  colonies. 


6.  ANNE,  QUEEN  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND 

Queen  Anne,  the  last  sovereign  of  the  House  of  Stuart. 
Born  1665;  died  1714.  She  was  a  daughter  of  King 
James  II,  was  educated  in  the  Protestant  religion,  and 
married,  in  1683,  Prince  George  of  Denmark.  Before 
this  event  she  had  formed  an  intimacy  with  Sarah 
Jennings,  Duchess  of  Marlborough,  who  became  her 
favorite  adviser  and  for  a  time  exerted  an  almost  un¬ 
limited  influence  over  her.  Anne  succeeded  William 
III  in  March,  1702,  and  declared  her  purpose  to  pursue 
his  foreign  policy,  which  involved  England  in  the  war 
of  the  Spanish  Succession.  In  her  domestic  admin¬ 
istration  Anne  favored  the  Tory  party.  Godolphin, 
who  was  considered  a  moderate  Tory,  became  Prime 
Minister.  In  the  last  year  of  her  reign  Anne  coop¬ 
erated  with  her  Ministers  in  secret  in  formulating 
designs  to  secure  the  succession  to  her  half-brother, 
the  Pretender.  Several  years  later  the  Queen  was 
seized  with  an  apoplectic  fit  which  terminated  fatally. 
The  plans  of  the  Jacobites  were  disconcerted  by  her 
sudden  death,  and  George  I,  of  the  House  of  Hanover, 
obtained  possession  of  the  throne. 


7.  ARMAND,  CHARLES  TREFIN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Charles  Trefin  Armand,  Marquis  de  la  Rouaire.  Born 
1751;  died  1793.  He  served  for  ten  years  in  the  French 
Guards.  In  1777  he  received  from  Congress  the  com¬ 
mission  of  Colonel  and  permission  to  enlist  a  legion 
of  two  hundred  men.  In  1778  he  commanded  as 
Colonel,  at  the  camp  at  Valley  Forge,  a  corps  of  light¬ 
armed  troops.  He  served  during  the  entire  war.  Upon 
the  signing  of  peace  in  1783  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General.  Shortly  after  this  he  re¬ 
turned  to  France  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revo¬ 
lution  there. 


22 


INDEPENDENCE 


II  ALL 


No.  2 

JOHN  ADAMS,  MASSACHUSETTS 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

23 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


8.  ARMSTRONG,  JOHN,  JR.  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Rembrandt  Peale) 

An  American  General.  Born  1758;  died  1843.  In  1775, 
while  a  student  at  Princeton,  lie  enlisted  in  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Army  and  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to  Gen¬ 
eral  Hugh  Mercer,  and  after  the  latter ’s  death  became 
aide  to  General  Gates.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  re¬ 
turned  to  his  home  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
appointed  Adjutant-General  and  Secretary  of  State 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  United  States  Senator, 
1800-1804,  and  Minister  to  France,  1804-1810,  and  Min¬ 
ister  to  Spain  1806-1810.  In  1812  Armstrong  was  com¬ 
missioned  a  Brigadier-General  and  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  city  and  harbor  of  New  York. 
In  1813  he  was  Secretary  of  War.  It  was  he  who  wrote 
the  first  of  the  celebrated  “ Newburgh  Letters’’  which 
appeared  anonymously. 

9.  ARMSTRONG,  JOHN  Rembrandt  Peale 

An  American  General.  Born  in  Ireland  1725;  died 
1795.  He  came  to  America  in  1745,  and  served  with 
distinction  in  the  French  and  Indian  War.  He  was 
commissioned  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Continental 
Army  in  March,  1776,  was  present  at  the  action  at  Fort 
Moultrie,  and  commanded  the  Pennsylvania  militia  at 
the  battles  of  Brandywine  and  Germantown.  Ap¬ 
pointed  Major-General  in  1778.  Served  twice  as  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress  from  Pennsyl¬ 
vania. 

10.  ATLEE,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  a  wax  relief) 

Born  1735;  died  1793.  Lived  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
became  prominent  in  his  profession.  He  was  elected 
Chief  Burgess  of  Lancaster  in  1770.  Upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Revolution  he  became  an  active  Whig,  and 
in  1776  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the  Lancaster  Com¬ 
mittee  of  Safety.  Atlee  was  appointed,  in  1777,  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1778 

24 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  3 

SAMUEL  ADAMS,  MASSACHUSETTS 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

25 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


Commissioner  of  British  prisoners  confined  at  Lan¬ 
caster.  He  was  reappointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  1784,  and  in  1791  was  appointed  President 
Judge  of  the  district  composed  of  York,  Lancaster  and 
Dauphin  counties,  which  position  he  filled  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death. 

11.  BALDWIN,  ABRAHAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  Bobert  Fulton) 

Statesman.  Born  1754;  died  1807.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1772.  From  1777  to  the  close  of  the  Revo¬ 
lution  he  was  a  chaplain  in  the  Army.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  went  to  Savannah,  Georgia.  In  1784 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  of  Georgia. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  1785- 
1788,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Federal  Constitutional 
Convention.  Baldwin  was  a  Member  of  Congress  1789- 
1799.  United  States  Senator  1799-1807,  and  President 
pro-tempore  of  the  Senate  1801-1802. 

12.  BARRY,  JOHN  Colin  Campbell  Cooper 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

Naval  officer.  Born  in  Ireland  1745;  died  1803.  Barry 
offered  his  services  to  Congress  at  the  opening  of  the 
Revolution,  and  in  1776  was  given  command  of  the 
Lexington,  in  which  he  made  the  first  capture  of  a 
British  war  vessel.  During  the  winter  of  1776-1777 
he  commanded  a  company  of  volunteer  artillery  and 
assisted  in  the  operations  at  Trenton.  In  1777  he  cap¬ 
tured  a  British  war  vessel  in  the  Delaware,  with  four 
small  sailboats.  In  1778  he  was  assigned  to  the  com¬ 
mand  of  the  Raleigh,  and  in  1781  to  the  Alliance.  He 
conveyed  Colonel  Laurens  on  a  special  mission  to 
France.  On  the  establishment  of  the  new  navy,  in 
1794,  he  was  named  senior  officer  with  the  rank  of 
Commodore. 

13.  BARTRAM,  WILLIAM 

Botanist,  son  of  John  Bartram.  Born  1739;  died  1823. 
He  traveled  in  the  Southern  States,  making  scientific 

26 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


collections.  For  several  years  he  raised  indigo  on  the 
St.  John’s  River  in  Florida.  Bartram  published  books 
descriptive  of  his  travels  and  made  a  complete  list 
of  native  American  birds.  His  fame  rests  chiefly  on 
his  book,  “Travels  Through  North  and  South  Carolina, 
etc.” 


14.  BARTLETT,  JOSIAH  Caroline  Weeks 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Hampshire.  Governor  of  New  Hampshire.  Born  1729; 
died  1795.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Kingston,  but  was  deprived,  because  of  his  zealous 
advocacy  of  Whig  principles,  of  various  appointments 
which  he  received  from  the  Royal  Governor.  As  a 
delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  he  was  the  first 
to  vote  for  the  Declaration,  and  the  first,  after  Presi¬ 
dent  John  Hancock,  to  sign  it.  In  1779  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  Court  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  in  1788  became  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State.  In  1793  he  was 
elected  first  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  under  the 
new  State  Constitution. 


15.  BARNEY,  JOSHUA  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  naval  officer.  Born  1759;  died  1818.  For 
bravery  shown  in  action  he  was  made  a  Lieutenant  on 
the  schooner  Wasp.  During  the  Revolution  he  was 
seven  times  taken  prisoner,  and  each  time  escaped  or 
was  exchanged.  After  having  captured  the  Charming 
Mollie  he  was  given  a  ship,  and  sent  to  clear  the  Dela¬ 
ware  River  of  British  privateers.  He  captured  the 
General  Monk,  an  eighteen-gun  ship,  and  for  his  brav¬ 
ery  in  this  action  was  voted  a  sword  by  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  Legislature.  During  the  War  of  1812  he  was 
assigned  to  the  defense  of  Washington  City.  In  1815 
he  was  sent  on  a  mission  to  Europe  by  President 
Monroe,  but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  return. 

27 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


16.  BASSETT,  RICHARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  Saint  Memin) 

Governor  of  Delaware.  Born  in  Delaware;  died  1815. 
Member  of  the  Continental  Congress  under  the  old 
confederation  in  1787.  Bassett  was  also  a  member  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution, 
from  the  State  of  Delaware.  From  1789  to  1793  he 
was  United  States  Senator  from  Delaware,  and  was 
the  first  member  of  that  body  to  cast  his  vote  in  favor 
of  locating  the  capital  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac. 
In  1801  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court. 

17.  BAYLOR,  GEORGE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature ) 

A  Revolutionary  officer.  Born  1752;  died  1784  at  Bar- 
badoes,  West  Indies,  where  he  had  gone  for  his  health. 
He  was  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  to  General  Wash¬ 
ington  in  1775.  After  the  Battle  of  Trenton  he  carried 
the  news  of  the  success  to  Congress,  by  whom  he  was 
presented  with  a  horse,  and  recommended  for  promo¬ 
tion.  He  wras  made  a  Colonel  of  dragoons  in  1777.  His 
command  was  surprised  on  the  night  of  September  17, 
1778,  near  Tappan,  New  York,  by  General  Gray. 
Baylor  was  dangerously  wounded,  and  sixty-seven  of 
his  men  were  butchered  in  cold  blood,  and  the  re¬ 
mainder,  with  himself,  captured.  After  his  exchange 
•he  served  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

18.  Bedford,  Gunning,  Jr.  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  PealeJ 

American  patriot  and  statesman.  Born  1747;  died 
1812.  Entered  the  Revolutionary  Army  as  Major,  and 
became  Lieutenant-Colonel.  He  was  an  aide-de-camp 
to  Washington  for  a  short  time  during  the  Revolution, 
a  delegate  from  Delaware  to  the  Continental  Congress 
1783-1786,  was  a  member  from  Delaware  of  the  con¬ 
vention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and 
a  signer  of  that  instrument.  He  was  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  and  Attorney-General  of  Dela¬ 
ware. 


28 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  14 

JOSIAH  BARTLETT,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


29 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


19.  BIDDLE,  CLEMENT  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Teale) 

“Quaker  Soldier.”  Born  1740;  died  1814.  When  the 
Revolution  broke  out  he  organized  what  was  called 
the  Quaker  Volunteers.  In  1776  Congress  elected  him 
a  Colonel  and  Deputy  Quartermaster-General.  He  re¬ 
mained  in  the  army  until  1780.  Biddle  took  a  promi¬ 
nent  part  in  support  of  the  Federal  Constitution  1787. 
He  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  General  Washing¬ 
ton,  and  considered  by  him  one  of  his  best  officers. 


20.  BIDDLE,  JAMES  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  naval  officer.  Born  1783;  died  1848.  He 
entered  the  navy  and  saw  service  on  board  the  frigate 
Philadelphia,  and  the  sloop  of  war  Wasp.  Biddle  was 
present  at  the  capture  of  the  British  sloop  Frolic. 
Shortly  after  this  he  was  made  prisoner  by  the  British. 
On  being  exchanged  his  rank  was  raised  and  he  was 
given  command  of  the  Hornet.  After  some  eventful 
service  he  returned  to  New  York,  where  many  honors 
were  bestowed  upon  him  for  his  fine  seamanship  and 
gallant  conduct.  Congress  gave  him  a  gold  medal  and 
the  rank  of  Captain.  In  1845,  as  Commander  of  the 
East  Indian  Squadron,  he  went  to  China,  and  made  a 
treaty  with  that  country.  He  acted  for  the  United 
States  in  the  Oregon  boundary  question. 


21.  BIDDLE,  NICHOLAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  naval  officer.  Born  1750;  died  1778.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  he  made  a  voyage  to  the  West  Indies. 
In  1770  he  entered  the  British  navy,  but  deserted  his 
ship  and  joined  an  Arctic  expedition.  After  returning 
to  America  he  was  made  Captain,  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  a  vessel,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of 
Andrea  Doria.  From  this  time  till  his  death  he  was 
extremely  fortunate  in  all  his  engagements  with  Brit¬ 
ish  ships.  In  1778,  while  cruising  with  a  fleet  of  five 
vessels  near  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  he  fell  in 
with  the  Yarmouth,  a  British  frigate,  sustained  severe 

30 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


injuries,  which  caused  his  ship,  the  Randolph,  to  blow 
up,  and  Biddle  and  three  hundred  of  his  crew 
perished. 

22.  BLAKELEY,  JOHNSTON  D.  R.  Fairfax 

American  naval  officer.  Born  in  Ireland  1781;  died 
1814.  After  his  father’s  removal  to  North  Carolina 
he  passed  a  few  years  in  the  University  of  that  State. 
In  the  year  1800  he  obtained  a  midshipman’s  warrant, 
and  in  1818  was  made  Commander  of  the  new  ship 
Wasp.  He  captured  the  British  sloop  Reindeer  after 
an  action  of  nineteen  minutes.  Congress  voted  him  a 
gold  medal.  The  last  account  of  the  Wasp  is  that  she 
was  spoken  off  the  Western  Isles.  In  what  manner 
Blakeley  and  his  crew  perished  is  not  known. 


23.  BLAIR,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

American  jurist.  Born  1732;  died  1800.  He  studied 
law  at  the  Temple,  London,  and  soon  became  promi¬ 
nent  in  his  profession.  Became  a  member  of  the  Vir¬ 
ginia  Legislature  in  1765,  and  of  the  Council  in  1776. 
In  1777  he  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  after¬ 
ward  Chief  Justice.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Virginia 
to  the  Federal  Convention,  and  with  Washington  and 
Madison,  alone  of  all  the  Virginia  delegates,  voted  for 
its  adoption.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Washington  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court. 

24.  BLOUNT,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  JV.  Teale) 

Statesman.  Born  1744;  died  1800.  He  was  a  member 
from  North  Carolina  of  the  Continental  Congress  1783- 
1784  and  again  1786-1787,  and  a  signer  of  the  Federal 
Constitution  from  North  Carolina.  In  1790  Blount 
was  appointed  Governor  of  the  territory  south  of  the 
Ohio  River.  United  States  Senator  from  Tennessee 
1796,  but  was  impeached  in  July,  1797,  for  being  con¬ 
cerned  in  the  conspiracy  to  deliver  New  Orleans  and 

31 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


the  Floridas  to  the  British.  The  proceedings  against 
him  increased  his  popularity  in  Tennessee,  and  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  and  chosen  President  of 
that  body. 

25.  BOUQUET,  HENRY  Mary  Ellis  Robins 

Military  officer.  Born  in  Switzerland  1719;  died  1766. 
He  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  British 
Army  in  1756.  In  1763  he  was  sent  by  General  Am¬ 
herst  from  Canada  with  military  stores  and  provisions 
for  the  relief  of  Fort  Pitt.  While  on  his  way  he  was 
attacked  by  a  powerful  body  of  Indians,  but  by  a 
skillful  manoeuver  supported  by  the  determined  brav¬ 
ery  of  his  troops  he  defeated  them  and  reached  the 
Fort  in  safety.  In  the  following  year  he  was  sent 
from  Canada  on  an  expedition  against  the  Ohio  In¬ 
dians,  and  reduced  a  body  of  Shawnees,  Delawares, 
and  other  Indians  to  the  necessity  of  making  peace 
at  Tuscarawas.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  British  service. 

> 

26.  BOUGAINVILLE,  LOUIS  ANTOINE  de 

Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  an  original  painting  owned  ~by  tine  family) 

French  soldier  and  navigator.  Born  1729;  died  1811. 
He  studied  for  the  bar,  and  was  admitted  a  counselor 
of  the  Parliament  of  Paris.  In  1753  he  became  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Chevert.  He  went  to  London  in 
1754  as  Secretary  of  the  French  Embassy.  He  after¬ 
ward  served  as  aide-de-camp  under  the  Marquis  de 
Montcalm  in  Canada,  was  sent  to  France  in  1758  for 
reinforcements,  and  returned  to  Canada  in  1759.  In 
1763  he  engaged  in  the  naval  service,  and  in  1766-1769 
made  a  voyage  around  the  world.  He  commanded  a 
French  ship  of  the  line  in  the  American  Revolution, 
and  distinguished  himself  in  all  the  engagements  be¬ 
tween  the  fleets  of  France  and  England.  Was  made 
Commodore  in  1779,  and  in  1780  a  Field  Marshal  in  the 
army.  He  was  retired  from  service  after  having 
served  in  the  army  and  navy  with  great  distinction 
for  more  than  forty  years. 

32 


INDEPENDENCE 


HALL 


No.  33 

CARTER  BRAXTON,  VIRGINIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

33 


■ 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


27.  BOUDINOT,  ELIAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  statesman  and  philanthropist.  Born  1740; 
died  1821.  He  practiced  law  in  New  Jersey,  and  dur¬ 
ing  the  Revolutionary  War  became  Commissary-Gen¬ 
eral  of  prisoners.  He  was  chosen  a  delegate  to 
Congress  from  New  Jersey  in  1777,  and  served  until 
1779,  and  again  from  1781  to  1784,  and  from  1789 
to  1795.  In  1782  he  was  chosen  President  of  Congress, 
and  as  such  signed  the  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Great 
Britain.  In  1795  he  was  appointed  a  director  of  the 
Mint  at  Philadelphia,  retaining  that  office  until  1805. 
He  was  the  first  President  of  the  American  Bible 
Society,  and  gave  it  $10,000.  Among  his  other  be¬ 
quests  was  13,000  acres  of  land  to  the  corporation  of 
Philadelphia  that  the  poor  might  be  supplied  with 
wood  at  low  prices,  and  3000  acres  to  the  Philadelphia 
Hospital  for  the  benefit  of  foreigners. 


28.  BOWDOIN,  JAMES 

> 

Born  1752;  died  1811.  Graduated  at  Harvard  in  1771; 
spent  a  year  in  college  at  Oxford,  England;  traveled 
in  that  country  and  on  the  Continent.  On  his  return 
to  the  United  States  went  into  politics.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly,  Senate  and  Council 
of  Massachusetts.  The  Government  sent  him  as 
Minister  to  Spain  in  1805,  and  commissioned  him  to 
treat  with  Spain  concerning  ‘ 1  territories,  wrongful 
captures,  condemnations  and  other  injuries.,,  On  the 
establishment  of  Bowdoin  College — named  in  honor 
of  his  father — he  gave  it  6000  acres  of  land,  £1100,  and 
bequeathed  it  a  large  library  and  a  valuable  collec¬ 
tion  of  paintings. 


29.  BRACKENRIDGE,  HUGH  HENRY  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania.  Born 
1748;  died  1816.  Graduated  at  Princeton  in  1771,  in 
the  class  with  James  Madison.  He  was  the  master 


34 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


of  an  academy  in  Maryland  before  the  Revolution.  In 
1781  he  settled  at  Pittsburgh,  which  he  deemed  favor¬ 
ably  situated  for  becoming  a  large  town,  and  in  its 
improvement  he  took  a  great  interest.  He  wrote  for 
the  newspapers  many  essays  in  prose  and  poetry. 
In  1799  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania.  A  few  years  before  his  death 
he  removed  to  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 


30.  BRANT,  JOSEPH  (Thayendanegea)  Charles  W.  Peale 

Indian  Chief.  Born  1742;  died  1807.  He  was  a  noted 
Chief  of  the  Mohawks,  and  was  in  the  British  service 
with  a  Colonel ’s  commission,  during  the  Revolutionary 
War.  After  the  war  his  great  influence  with  the  dif¬ 
ferent  Indian  tribes  was  thrown  on  the  side  of  peace, 
and  in  July,  1793,  at  the  solicitation  of  Washington  and 
Clinton,  he  visited  the  Miamis  and  materially  assisted 
the  Indian  commissioners  in  securing  a  treaty  of  peace 
between  that  tribe  and  the  United  States.  He  visited 
England  in  1786  and  raised  the  funds  with  which  the 
first  Episcopal  Church  in  Upper  Canada  was  built.  He 
translated  the  Gospel  of  Saint  Mark  into  the  Mohawk 
language,  and,  together  with  Colonel  Daniel  Claus, 
translated  into  the  same  tongue  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer. 


31.  BRADFORD,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Printer  and  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  Born  1719; 
died  1791.  In  1742  he  opened  a  printing  office  in 
Philadelphia,  and  published  the  “Pennsylvania 
Journal.’  ’  He  was  a  spirited  writer  and  took  up  the 
patriot  cause  in  his  Journal.  When  the  war  broke 
out  he  was  appointed  a  Major  and  later  a  Colonel  in 
the  army,  fighting  at  the  battles  of  Trenton  and  Prince¬ 
ton,  where  he  was  wounded,  and  was  at  Fort  Mifflin 
when  it  was  bombarded  in  1777.  After  the  British 
troops  withdrew  from  Philadelphia  he  retired  from  the 
army,  broken  in  health. 


35 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


32.  BRADFORD,  JR.,  WILLIAM  Bass  Otis 

( After  Charles  Saint  Memin) 

Lawyer.  Born  1755;  died  1795.  Graduated  at  the  Col¬ 
lege  of  New  Jersey  (now  Princeton)  in  1772.  Studied 
law  under  Edward  Shippen,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1776 
he  was  a  captain  in  Humpton’s  regiment,  and  from 

1777  to  1779  was  a  deputy  Muster-Master-General  with 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  Bradford  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  Pennsylvania  in  1780; 
made  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1791,  and  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States  in 
1794.  In  August  of  that  year  he  was  one  of  the  com¬ 
missioners  to  confer  with  the  insurgents  of  Western 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  Major  of  brigade  under  Gen¬ 
eral  Roberdeau. 

33.  BRAXTON,  CARTER  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Born  1736;  died  1797.  He  was  educated  at 
William  and  Mary  College.  Entered  the  House  of 
Burgesses  of  Virginia  in  1761,  and  in  1765  supported 
Patrick  Henry’s  Stamp  Act  resolutions.  Was  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  subsequent  Legislatures  that  were  dissolved 
by  the  Governor  of  Virginia.  Peyton  Randolph,  a 
delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  died  in  1775, 
and  Braxton  was  chosen  to  succeed  him.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia 
under  the  Constitution  and  served  in  the  legislative 
bodies  of  his  State  until  his  death. 

34.  BRODHEAD,  DANIEL  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale ) 

Revolutionary  General.  Born  1736;  died  1809.  He 
raised  a  company  of  riflemen  in  1775,  who  served  in 
the  Battle  of  Long  Island.  He  was  later  appointed 
Colonel  in  the  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Regiment.  In 

1778  he  led  an  expedition  against  the  Muskingum  In¬ 
dians,  which  was  successful.  He  made  two  important 

36 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  41 


CHARLES  CARROLL,  MARYLAND 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

37 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


treaties  with  the  Indians,  one  on  July  22,  1779,  with 
the  Cherokees,  for  which  he  received  the  thanks  of 
Congress.  For  many  years  he  was  Surveyor-General 
of  Pennsylvania. 

35.  BRYAN,  GEORGE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

A  jurist.  Born  1731;  died  1791.  He  came  to  America 
from  Ireland  in  very  early  life,  and  was  engaged  for 
some  years  in  commercial  pursuits  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly,  and  in  1765 
was  a  member  of  the  Stamp  Act  Congress,  in  which 
he  took  an  active  part.  He  was  Vice-President  of  the 
Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Pennsylvania  from  the 
period  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was 
in  1778  advanced  to  the  Presidency,  and  in  1779  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  where  he  projected 
and  procured  the  passage  of  an  act  for  the  gradual 
abolition  of  slavery.  He  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  in  1780,  and  remained 
in  that  office  until  his  death. 

36.  BUTLER,  RICHARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

An  officer  of  the  Revolutionary  Army.  Born  in  Ire¬ 
land;  died  1791.  He  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  in  the  Pennsylvania  line  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  Revolution,  and  distinguished  himself  on  many 
occasions.  In  1787  he  was  appointed  agent  for  Indian 
affairs  in  Ohio.  Later,  in  the  expedition  against  the 
Indians  in  1791,  he  accompanied  General  St.  Clair, 
and  in  one  of  these  engagements  was  badly  wounded 
and  carried  off  the  field.  While  waiting  to  have  his 
wounds  dressed  he  was  tomahawked  and  scalped. 

37.  BUTLER,  PIERCE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature) 

Senator.  Born  in  1744;  died  1822.  He  was  made  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  British  army  in  1761,  Captain  in 
1762,  and  Major  in  1766,  but  resigned  before  the  Revo- 

38 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  44 

SAMUEL  CHASE,  MARYLAND 
Signer  of  tlie  Declaration  of  Independence 

39 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


lutionary  War  broke  out,  and  settled  in  South  Caro¬ 
lina.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  1787-1788,  and 
a  member  from  South  Carolina  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  After  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution  he  was  elected  United  States  Sena¬ 
tor  from  his  State  in  1789-1796,  and  again  in  1802- 
1804.  He  was  also  for  a  time  a  director  of  the  United 
States  Bank. 

38.  CADWALADER,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Revolutionary  General.  Born  1742;  died  1786.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  Committee  of  Safety, 
and  was  appointed  by  Congress  a  Brigadier-General. 
He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Princeton,  Brandy¬ 
wine,  Germantown  and  Monmouth.  At  Trenton 
Washington  intrusted  him  with  one  of  the  divisions 
of  the  army.  He  fought  a  duel  with  General  Thomas 
Conway  in  consequence  of  the  intrigue  of  the  latter 
against  Washington.  After  the  war  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  Maryland. 

39.  CADWALADER,  LAMBERT  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  Thomas  Sully) 

Revolutionary  soldier.  Born  1743;  died  1823.  As  a 
Colonel  of  a  New  Jersey  regiment  in  the  Revolutionary 
Army  he  served  in  the  war  and  was  taken  prisoner 
by  the  British  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Washington, 
New  York.  He  was  exchanged  in  the  course  of  time 
and  returned  to  his  estate  near  Trenton,  and  did  not 
again  enter  the  military  service.  From  1784  to  1787 
he  represented  New  Jersey  in  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  was  a  member,  from  the  same  State,  of  the  First 
and  Third  Congresses  of  the  United  States. 


40.  CAMBRAY,  CHEVALIER  DU  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  an  original  in  the  Versailles  Gallery) 

He  entered  the  French  service  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Royal  Corps  of  Artillery  in  1771,  and  was  not  made  an 

40 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


officer  as  there  was  no  vacancy.  He  left  for  America 
with  De  Carmichael  in  1778,  and  arrived  in  the  month 
of  June.  In  the  “Memoirs  of  Lafayette’ ’  at  that 
time  is  a  letter  where  he  writes  to  his  wife  that  Du 
Cambray  will  be  well  pleased,  for  he  was  appointed 
by  Congress  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  Corps  of  En¬ 
gineers.  Under  orders  of  DuPortail  he  fortified 
Charlestown  in  1779.  Then  he  was  Commander  of  Ar¬ 
tillery  in  the  Department  of  the  West.  After  peace 
was  restored  he  was  appointed  a  Major  of  the  Pro¬ 
vincial  Troops. 


41.  CARROLL,  CHARLES  Charles  W.  Peale 

Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  last  surviving  Signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  from  Maryland.  Born 
1737;  died  1832.  At  the  age  of  eight  he  was  sent  to 
Prance  to  be  educated,  and  in  1757  entered  the  Middle 
Temple  for  the  study  of  law.  He  was  appointed  by 
Congress  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  go  to  Canada 
to  induce  the  Canadians  to  join  the  American  cause. 
On  July  4,  1776,  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  Congress 
and  took  his  seat  July  18,  and  on  August  2  he  signed 
the  Declaration.  In  1788,  he  was  elected  first  United 
States  Senator  from  the  State  of  Maryland,  and  in 
1797,  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  settle  the  bound¬ 
ary  line  between  Maryland  and  Virginia. 


42.  CHASTELLUX,  MARQUIS  DE  Charles  W.  Peale 

Francois  Jean  de  Chastellux,  a  French  General  and 
author.  Born  1734;  died  1788.  He  wrote  an  admired 
“Essay  on  Public  Happyness”  in  1772,  which  Voltaire 
preferred  to  Montesquieu’s  “Spirit  of  Laws.”  In  1775 
he  was  admitted  into  the  French  Academy.  In  1780  he 
came  to  America,  where  he  served  as  Major-General  in 
the  American  Army  under  Rochambeau  for  three  years. 
He  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  General  Washington. 

41 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


43.  CHARLES  II  M.  McDowell 

(After  Sir  Peter  Lely) 

King  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  the  eldest  sur¬ 
viving  son  of  Charles  I.  Born  1630;  died  1685.  After 
the  decisive  triumph  of  the  Parliament  at  Naseby,  in 
1645,  he  retired  to  Jersey,  and  the  next  year  joined  his 
mother  at  Paris.  In  1649  he  was  proclaimed  King  by 
the  Scottish  Parliament  on  condition  of  his  good  be¬ 
havior.  Charles  was  crowned  at  Scone  January  1,  1761, 
Cromwell  having  defeated  the  Royalist  Army  at  Dun¬ 
bar,  and  reduced  a  great  part  of  Scotland.  Charles 
marched  with  his  Scottish  army  into  England,  closely 
pursued  by  his  enemy.  Ilis  hopes  that  the  English  would 
rally  to  his  standard  were  disappointed,  and  the  enter¬ 
prise  terminated  in  his  defeat  at  Worcester,  September 
3,  1651.  Charles  escaped,  and  after  many  adventures 
finally  found  safety  in  France.  The  restoration  of 
Charles  to  the  throne  is  ascribed  to  the  loyalty  and 
prudence  -of  General  Monk,  seconded  by  the  favor  of 
the  people  and  the  law  of  reaction.  He  appointed 
Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  Prime  Minister.  In  1662  he 
married  Catherine  of  Braganza,  daughter  of  the  King 
of  Portugal.  In  1665  he  declared  war  against  the  Neth¬ 
erlands.  Peace  was  restored  by  the  treaty  of  Breda  in 
1667. 


44.  CHASE,  SAMUEL  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Mary¬ 
land.  Born  1741;  died  1811.  At  an  early  age  he  took 
up  the  study  of  law  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1761.  He  soon  became  promi¬ 
nent  in  his  profession,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Legislature.  He  was  an  ardent  patriot  and  resisted 
the  Stamp  Act.  Chase  was  sent  by  his  State  as  a  dele¬ 
gate  to  Congress  in  1774,  and  continued  a  member  until 
the  end  of  1778.  The  Maryland  delegates  were  re¬ 
strained  by  special  instructions  from  voting  for  inde¬ 
pendence,  but  after  an  absence  from  Congress  he  re¬ 
turned  to  Philadelphia  just  in  time  to  join  in  adopting 
the  decisive  resolution.  In  1788  he  became  Chief  Jus- 


42 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  46 

ABRAHAM  CLARK,  NEW  JERSEY 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

43 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


tice  of  the  Criminal  Court  at  Baltimore,  and  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which  adopted  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Constitution.  In  1791  he  became  Chief  Justice  of 
the  General  Court  of  Maryland.  In  1796  he  was  made 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 


45.  CHEW,  BENJAMIN  George  Lambdin 

Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania.  Born  1722;  died  1810. 
He  studied  law  with  Andrew  Hamilton,  also  in  Lon¬ 
don,  and,  in  1745,  removed  from  Maryland  to  Phila¬ 
delphia,  where  he  was  Recorder  from  1755  to  1772, 
also  Register  of  Wills  and  Attorney-General.  In  1774 
he  succeeded  William  Allen  as  Chief  Justice  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  but,  being  opposed  to  the  Revolution,  he 
retired  from  public  life  in  1776.  He  was  appointed, 
in  1790,  President  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals.  He  continued  in  that  station  until  the  aboli¬ 
tion  of  the  Court  in  1806. 


46.  CLARK,  ABRAHAM  James  R.  Lambdin 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Jersey.  Born  1726;  died  1794.  In  early  life  he  devoted 
himself  to  surveying  and  conveyancing.  He  became 
High  Sheriff  of  Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  and  clerk 
of  the  Colonial  Assembly.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution  he  distinguished  himself  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  of  Public  Safety.  On  June  21,  1776, 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  was  continuously 
reelected  until  1783,  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
1779.  He  again  served  in  1787-1788.  Clark  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature  1782-1787,  and 
chosen  a  delegate  to  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
Federal  Constitution,  but  never  took  his  seat,  and  in 
1789  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  settle  the  ac¬ 
counts  of  New  Jersey  with  the  United  States.  Later 
he  became  a  member  of  the  National  Congress,  serving 
from  1791  till  the  time  of  his  death. 


44 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  48 

GEORGE  CLYMER,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

45 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


47.  CLARK,  WILLIAM  Charles  W.  Peale 

An  American  General  and  explorer.  Born  1770;  died 
1838.  He  was  a  brother  of  George  Rogers  Clark.  Cap¬ 
tain  Merriwether  Lewis  and  he  were  the  leaders  of  an 
exploring  expedition  which  by  order  of  the  Govern¬ 
ment  crossed  the  continent  from  St.  Louis  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  River  in  1804.  He  was  Governor 
of  Missouri  Territory  from  1813  to  1821. 


48.  CLYMER,  GEORGE  E.  D.  Marchant 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Born  1739;  died  1813.  He  inherited  from 
his  uncle,  William  Coleman,  who  had  directed  his  edu¬ 
cation,  a  considerable  fortune.  Was  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Council  of  Safety,  and  July  29,  1775,  be¬ 
came  Continental  Treasurer.  On  July  20,  1776,  he  was 
appointed,  with  James  Wilson  and  others,  to  succceed 
those  members  of  the  Pennsylvania  delegation  in  Con¬ 
gress  who  had  refused  their  assent  to  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  and  had  abandoned  their  seats.  Al¬ 
though  Mr.  Clymer ’s  signature  is  affixed  to  that  docu¬ 
ment  he  was  not  present  at  its  adoption.  He  was  re¬ 
elected  to  Congress  in  1777,  and  continued  an  active 
member  until  May  of  that  year,  when  he  was  forced 
to  ask  leave  of  absence  on  account  of  ill  health.  He 
was  again  elected  in  1780,  and  served  until  1782.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Federal  Convention  which  signed 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  Clymer  was 
also  a  member  of  the  first  National  House  of  Repre¬ 
sentatives. 


49.  COPLEY,  JOHN  SINGLETON  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  J.  S.  Copley) 

Painter.  Born  1737;  died  1815.  He  began  at  an  early 
age  to  develop  an  artistic  temperament.  In  1760  Cop¬ 
ley  sent  to  Benjamin  West,  in  England,  without  name 
or  address,  a  portrait  which  at  once  gave  him  a  place 
among  artists  of  recognized  merit.  This  painting  is 
known  as  the  “Boy  and  the  Flying  Squirrel. ”  In 

46 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


1767  Copley  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Society  of 
Artists  of  Great  Britain.  In  1779  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Academy. 

50.  CORTEZ,  HERNANDO 

The  conqueror  of  Mexico.  Born  1485;  died  1547.  He 
resolved  to  seek  his  fortunes  in  the  New  World,  and 
made  a  successful  conquest  of  the  island  of  Cuba.  From 
there  he  went  into  Mexico,  where  his  exploits  met  with 
more  or  less  success. 

51.  CUSTINE,  COUNT  DE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  an  original  by  Philippeau  in  the  Versailles  Gallery ) 

Adam  Philippe  de  Custine.  Born  1740;  died  1793.  He 
was  a  Captain  of  Dragoons  in  1758,  serving  with  dis¬ 
tinction  in  the  Seven  Years  War.  After  this  war  he 
was  commander  of  a  regiment  of  dragoons,  but  ex¬ 
changed  into  a  regiment  of  infantry  which  was  going 
to  the  aid  of  America.  He  was  appointed  Quarter¬ 
master-General  of  French  forces  in  the  United  States 
1778-1783.  Was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Corn¬ 
wallis  at  Yorktown.  On  his  return  to  France  he  was 
made  Governor  of  Toulon.  He  favored  the  Revolution, 
which  put  him  at  the  head  of  the  Army  in  1792.  At 
first  he  had  success,  but  was  finally  forced  to  retire. 
He  returned  to  Paris  and  was  guillotined  in  1793. 

52.  CUSHING,  THOMAS 

American  statesman.  Born  1725;  died  1788.  Grad¬ 
uated  at  Harvard  1744.  In  1766  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Assembly,  and  was  Speaker  of 
that  body  for  several  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
first  Continental  Congress  in  1774,  and  reelected  in 
1775.  He  was  a  candidate  for  reelection  in  1776,  but 
owing  to  his  opposition  to  the  Declaration  of  Independ¬ 
ence  was  defeated.  Subsequently  he  became  Lieuten¬ 
ant-Governor  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1788  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  convention  which  ratified 
the  Federal  Constitution. 


47 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


53.  DA  VIE, WILLIAM  RICHARDSON  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Soldier.  Born  1756;  died  1820.  Graduated  at  Prince¬ 
ton  in  1776,  and  began  the  study  of  law,  but  abandoned 
it  to  accept  a  commission  as  Lieutenant  of  a  company 
of  dragoons,  joining  Pulaski's  Legion,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Major.  He  received  a  severe  wound  at  the 
Battle  of  Stono  Ferry  in  1779,  and  returned  to  his 
home,  where  in  1780  he  raised  a  body  of  cavalry  and 
joined  in  the  defense  of  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  from  North  Carolina  which 
framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  wa«  elected  Gov¬ 
ernor  of  South  Carolina  in  1799. 

54.  DAYTON,  JONATHAN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Statesman  and  soldier.  Born  1760;  died  1824.  Grad¬ 
uated  at  Princeton  1776,  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  entered  the  Continental  Army  and  was 
appointed  a  regimental  Paymaster,  and  later  an  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Sullivan.  In  1798  he  was  made  a 
Brigadier-General.  Dayton  was  a  member  of  the  con¬ 
vention  from  New  Jersey  which  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution,  and  was  elected  to  the  National  Congress 
from  that  State  in  1791.  He  became  a  United  States 
Senator  in  1799,  and  served  until  1805. 

55.  DEARBORN,  HENRY  Charles  W.  Peale 

Physician  and  soldier.  Born  1751;  died  1829.  He 
studied  medicine  and  began  to  practice  in  1772.  Dur¬ 
ing  his  leisure  he  made  a  study  of  military  tactics, 
making  his  knowledge  available  during  the  Revolu¬ 
tionary  War.  The  day  following  the  Battle  of  Lexing¬ 
ton,  with  sixty  minutemen  he  marched  to  Cambridge 
and  covered  the  American  retreat.  He  participated  in 
the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  accompanied  Arnold's  ex¬ 
pedition  to  Canada,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner  in 
the  attack  on  Quebec.  After  his  exchange  he  fought 
at  the  battles  of  Stillwater,  Saratoga,  Monmouth,  New¬ 
town,  and  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown.  Was  chosen  Brig- 

48 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  63 

WILLIAM  ELLERY,  RHODE  ISLAND 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

49 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


adier-General  1787,  and  Major-General  1795.  Twice 
elected  to  Congress,  he  was  Secretary  of  War  under 
Jefferson,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston,  and  in  1812 
was  appointed  a  Major-General  and  assigned  to  the 
Northern  department,  taking  part  in  the  War  of  1812, 
capturing  York  (now  Toronto)  and  Fort  George.  He 
was  suspected  of  political  intrigues  and  recalled,  but 
was  at  once  appointed  Commander  of  New  York  City. 
Tn  1822  President  Monroe  sent  him  as  Minister  to 
Portugal. 

56.  DECATUR,  STEPHEN  Gilbert  Stuart 

American  naval  officer.  Born  1779;  died  1820.  His 
first  voyage  was  made  on  one  of  his  father’s  ships.  He 
became  a  midshipman  in  1798  and  shipped  under  Com¬ 
modore  Barry  on  the  frigate  United  States.  When 
trouble  arose  with  Tripoli  Commodore  Richard  Dale 
was  fitted  out  with  a  squadron  and  sent  to  bring  the 
Tripolitans  to  terms,  Lieutenant  Decatur  accompanied 
him  as  a  First-Lieutenant  on  the  Essex.  His  most 
conspicuous  act  at  Tripoli  was  the  burning  of  the 
frigate  Philadelphia.  During  the  War  of  1812  Decatur 
commanded  the  frigate  United  States,  and  captured 
the  British  frigate  Macedonian.  A  gold  medal  was 
voted  him  by  Congress.  In  1814  he  took  command  of 
the  President.  In  1816  he  was  appointed  a  Navy 
Commissioner.  Commodore  Barron,  who,  at  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  the  War  of  1812,  had  been  deprived  of  his 
command  of  the  Chesapeake,  took  exceptions  to  certain 
remarks  which  Decatur  made  about  him.  The  latter 
refused  to  retract,  but  did  all  else  in  his  power  to 
restore  friendliness,  but  Barron  challenged  Decatur. 
A  duel  was  fought  at  Bladensburg,  in  which  both  were 
wounded.  Decatur  died  that  night. 


57.  DEHASS,  JOHN  PHILIP  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Soldier.  Born  in  Holland  1735;  died  1786.  In  1750 
he  emigrated  with  his  father  to  America,  and  settled 
in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  an  Ensign 

50 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


in  the  French  and  Indian  War.  In  1776  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  a  Colonel  of  the  First  Pennsylvania  Regiment, 
and  served  in  Canada  and  at  Ticonderoga.  In  1777  he 
was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General,  serving  in  the  army 
until  the  close  of  the  Revolution. 


58.  DICKINSON,  JOHN  Charles  W.  Peale 

Publicist.  Born  1732;  died  1808.  Studied  law  in  Phila¬ 
delphia,  and  passed  three  years  at  the  Temple,  London. 
On  his  return  to  the  Colonies  he  practiced  law  in 
Philadelphia.  Was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Assembly  in  1764,  and  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress  in  1774.  He  opposed  the  Declaration  of  In¬ 
dependence  when  the  question  of  voting  on  the  same 
arrived,  and  absented  himself  intentionally  from  Con¬ 
gress.  In  1777  he  was  commissioned  by  Congress  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  army.  He  was  again  elected 
to  Congress  in  1779  from  Delaware.  Dickinson  served 
as  a  member  from  Delaware  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  He  was  noted  as  a 
powerful  writer  against  the  policy  of  Great  Britain 
toward  her  colonies,  and  was  the  author  of  the  cele¬ 
brated  11  Letters  from  a  Pennsylvania  Farmer  to  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  British  Colonies.  ’  ’ 


59.  DILLON,  ARTHUR  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

French  General.  Born  1750;  died  1794.  He  commanded 
a  regiment  in  the  West  Indies,  and  later  in  the  Ameri¬ 
can  colonies.  Was  present  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown, 
and  later  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Grenada,  Tobago, 
and  Saint  Christopher.  He  was  Governor  of  Saint 
Christopher  in  1782,  and  later  chosen  a  Deputy  State’s 
General.  In  1792  he  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  a  Corps  d’Armee  under  Dumauriez,  and,  although 
he  was  not  altogether  in  sympathy  with  the  new 
regime,  he  consented  to  defend  France  from  foreign 
invasion.  He  was  recalled  in  1793,  imprisoned,  and 
put  to  death  in  1794. 

51 

UKiVBismfC* 
JUJNOtS  LIBRARY 

AJ  URBANA-CHAMPA1GN 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


60.  DUFFIELD,  GEORGE  George  Polk 

American  clergyman.  Born  1732;  died  1790.  Ordained 
a  minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  1761,  and  was 
pastor  of  several  different  churches  throughout  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  He  finally  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Third  Church  of  Philadelphia.  During  the  Revolution 
he  served  as  Chaplain,  and  was  so  hated  by  the  enemy 
that  a  reward  was  offered  for  his  head. 


61.  DUMAS,  MATHIEU  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Count  Mathieu  Dumas,  a  French  General  and  historian. 
Born  1753;  died  1837.  He  was  aide-de-camp  to  Count 
de  Rochambeau  in  the  American  Revolution,  where  he 
served,  1780-1783.  In  the  French  Revolution  he  was 
identified  with  the  party  of  Lafayette,  and  was  charged 
with  several  important  missions.  In  1791  Dumas  com¬ 
manded  ,the  troops  which  guarded  Louis  XVI  on  his 
return  from  Varennes,  and  was  raised  to  the  rank  of 
General.  He  was  condemned  to  death  in  the  Reign  of 
Terror,  but  escaped  to  Switzerland.  Dumas  became 
a  General  of  Division  in  1815,  and  an  aide-de-camp, 
and  later  Major-General  under  Napoleon.  He  also  co¬ 
operated  with  Lafayette  in  the  Revolution  of  1830, 
after  which  he  was  made  a  peer  of  France. 

62.  DUPORTAIL,  CHEVALIER  Charles  W.  Peale 

Louis  Lebeque  Duportail,  a  French  officer.  Born  1736; 
died  1802.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  American 
Colonies  under  Lafayette,  with  whose  political  opinions 
he  agreed,  first  as  Colonel,  and  later  as  Brigadier-Gen¬ 
eral  in  1777,  and  Major-General  in  1781.  By  the  in¬ 
fluence  of  Lafayette  he  was  appointed  Minister  of  War 
to  France  in  1790.  The  hostility  and  violence  of  the 
Assembly  induced  him  to  resign  in  1791.  In  the  Reign 
of  Terror  he  escaped  death  by  exile  to  America  in 
1794.  In  1802  he  was  recalled  to  France,  but  died 
during  the  passage  home. 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  71 

WILLIAM  FLOYD,  NEW  YORK 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


53 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


63.  ELLERY,  WILLIAM  S.  B.  Waugh 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Rhode 
Island.  Born  1727;  died  1820.  Graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1747  and  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until 
1770,  when  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Newport, 
Rhode  Island.  In  1776  he  took  his  seat  in  Congress  as 
one  of  the  delegates  from  Rhode  Island,  and  remained 
in  that  body,  with  the  exception  of  the  years  1780-1782, 
until  1786.  In  1790  he  was  appointed  Collector  of  New¬ 
port,  and  filled  that  office  until  the  date  of  his  death. 


64.  ELLERY,  WILLIAM 

See  No.  63. 


J.  R.  Lambdin 

(After  John  Trumbull) 


65.  ELLSWORTH,  OLIVER  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  James  Sharpless) 

Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States.  Born  1745;  died 
1807.  Graduated  at  Princeton  1766,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1771.  Chosen  a  delegate  to  the  Conti¬ 
nental  Congress  in  1777.  He  was  a  member  from  Con¬ 
necticut,  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  Eederal 
Constitution,  but  he  did  not  sign  that  instrument.  He 
was  elected,  in  1789,  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States.  According  to  John  Adams  ‘  ‘  he  was  the  firmest 
pillar  of  Washington’s  whole  administration  in  that 
body.”  He  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  by  Washington  in  1796.  He  was 
sent  to  Paris  in  1799,  as  Envoy  Extraordinary,  and 
with  his  colleagues,  Governor  Davie  and  Patrick 
Henry,  negotiated  a  treaty  with  France. 


66.  ESTAING,  COUNT  D’  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Franque,  after  Sablet) 
/ 

Count  Charles  Hector  d’Estaing,  a  French  Admiral. 
Born  1729;  died  1794.  He  served  in  India  under  Count 
Daily  in  1758,  and  in  1763  was  chosen  Lieutenant- 
General  of  the  Naval  Armies  of  France,  though  his 

54 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


experience  was  gained  in  the  land  service.  In  1778, 
as  Vice-Admiral,  he  commanded  the  fleet  sent  to  aid 
the  Americans.  Just  as  his  fleet  met  that  of  Lord 
Howe  near  Rhode  Island,  in  1778,  a  violent  storm  sep¬ 
arated  them,  with  much  damage  to  the  French.  He 
returned  to  France  in  1780,  and  was  guillotined  in  1794. 


67.  FEBIGER,  CHRISTIAN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

American  soldier.  Born  1746:  died  1796.  He  came 
from  Denmark  and  settled  in  the  American  Colonies 
in  1773,  and  at  once  espoused  the  patriot  cause,  joined 
the  army  and  distinguished  himself  at  the  Battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  In  1776  he  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  in  the  Virginia  line.  Colonel  Febiger  retired 
from  actual  service  in  1783,  and  settled  in  Philadel¬ 
phia,  where  he  engaged  successfully  m  business. 


68.  FERSEN,  AXEL  VON  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  pastel  by  Lundberg ) 

Count  Axel  von  Fersen,  Field  Marshal  of  the  Army  of 
Sweden.  Born  1750;  died  1810.  He  entered  the 
French  service  and  fought  under  Rochambeau  for 
America.  In  the  disguise  of  a  coachman  he  conducted 
Louis  XVI  and  his  family  out  of  Paris  in  their  flight 
to  Varennes.  In  1791  Count  von  Fersen  returned  to 
Sweden  and  was  appointed  Marshal  of  the  Kingdom  in 
1801.  He  was  murdered  in  1810  by  a  mob  who  sus¬ 
pected  him  of  complicity  in  the  death  of  Prince  Chris¬ 
tian. 


69.  FEW,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  John  Homage ) 

American  soldier.  Born  1748;  died  1828.  When  a  boy 
he  removed  with  his  father  to  North  Carolina.  He  was 
a  Colonel  in  the  Continental  Army  and  distinguished 
himself  in  several  actions.  He  settled  in  Georgia,  and 
in  1778  was  appointed  Surveyor-General  of  that  State. 
Few  was  presiding  Judge  of  the  County  Courts  in 

55 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


1780,  and  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  Congress,  remaining 
in  that  body  until  peace  was  proclaimed.  He  was  a 
delegate,  from  Georgia,  to  the  convention  which  framed 
the  Federal  Constitution  and  was  a  signer  of  the  same. 
United  States  Senator  1789-1793.  In  1796  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  Constitu¬ 
tion  of  the  State  of  Georgia.  Late  in  life  he  resided 
in  New  York. 


70.  FINDLAY,  WILLIAM 

Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  Born  1768;  died  1846.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1797  and  in  1803, 
and  in  1807-1817  was  State  Treasurer.  He  was  Gov¬ 
ernor  from  1817  to  1820.  He  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  in  1821.  In  1827-1840  he  was  Treasurer 
of  the  United  States  Mint  at  Philadelphia. 


71.  FLOYD,  WILLIAM  E.  L.  Henry 

(After  William  Polk) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
York.  Born  1734;  died  1821.  Early  in  the  controversy 
with  Great  Britain  he  became  conspicuous  for  the 
energy  with  which  he  championed  the  popular  cause, 
in  consequence  of  which  he  was  appointed  a  delegate 
to  Congress,  and  remained  a  delegate  in  that  body  for 
eight  years.  He  was  State  Senator  in  New  York  for 
ten  years.  In  1801  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
convention  to  ratify  the  Federal  Constitution  in  that 
State. 


72.  FORREST,  URIAH 

Soldier.  Born  1756;  died  1805.  He  attained  the  rank 
of  Colonel  in  the  Continental  Army,  was  wounded  at 
the  Battle  of  Germantown,  and  lost  a  leg  at  Brandy¬ 
wine.  He  was  a  delegate  to  Congress  1786-1787,  and 
1793-1795.  From  1800  till  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 


56 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  73 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

57 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


73.  FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN 


George  Etter 

(After  David  Martin) 


Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Statesman  and  philanthropist.  Born  1706; 
died  1790.  lie  came  to  Philadelphia  from  Boston  in 
1723.  In  1736  he  was  made  Clerk  of  the  General  As¬ 
sembly  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1737  Postmaster  of 
Philadelphia.  In  1743  he  projected  the  college  which 
a  few  years  later  became  the  University  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania.  In  1746  he  began  those  experiments  in  elec¬ 
tricity  which  made  him  known  throughout  the  world. 
He  obtained  a  grant  from  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly 
and  assisted  in  founding  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in 
Philadelphia.  Elected  a  delegate  to  Congress  1775, 
and  in  June,  1776,  was  appointed  on  the  Committee  to 
draw  up  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  The  same 
year  he  was  sent  as  a  Commissioner  to  France,  and 
in  1778  concluded  the  Treaty  of  Alliance  with  that 
country.  ,  He  was  a  signer  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  His  services  to  America  and  humanity 
were  of  so  wide  and  important  a  character  that  it  is 
impossible  to  enumerate  them  fully  here. 


74.  FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN 

See  No.  73. 


B.  T.  Welch 


75.  FULTON,  ROBERT 


Charles  W.  Peale 


American  engineer  and  inventor.  Born  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  1765;  died  1815.  In  1786  he  went  to  London 
with  a  view  of  completing  his  education  as  a  portrait 
and  landscape  painter,  under  instruction  of  Benjamin 
West.  He  abandoned  painting  in  1793  and  devoted 
himself  to  civil  and  mechanical  engineering.  Fulton 
removed  to  Paris  in  1794.  From  1797  to  1805  he  made 
a  number  of  experiments  with  a  submarine  boat  and 
torpedo,  and  launched  a  steamboat  in  the  Seine  in 
1803.  Having  returned  to  America  in  1806  he  built 
the  steamboat  Clermont,  which  made  a  successful  trip 
from  New  York  to  Albany  August  11,  1807. 


58 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


76.  GADSDEN.  CHRISTOPHER  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  patriot  and  Revolutionary  General.  Born 
1724;  died  1805.  He  received  his  education  in  Eng¬ 
land.  From  1741  to  1745  he  was  clerk  in  a  counting- 
house  in  Philadelphia,  and  then  made  a  second  visit  to 
England.  After  his  return  to  America  he  engaged  in 
business  on  his  own  account  and  accumulated  quite  a 
fortune.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Colonial  Con¬ 
gress  in  1765,  and  member  of  the  first  Continental 
Congress  in  1774.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution 
he  entered  the  army  as  a  Colonel.  In  1776  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General.  For  a  time 
he  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of  South  Carolina.  In 
1782  he  was  elected  Governor,  but  declined  the  office 
on  account  of  his  age. 

77.  GALLATIN,  ALBERT  Charles  W.  Peale 

Born  1761;  died  1849.  He  came  to  America  from  his 
home  in  Switzerland  in  1780  and  taught  French  at 
Harvard  for  a  time.  He  went  to  Fayette  County, 
Pennsylvania — then  a  part  of  Virginia — in  1784.  In 
1790  he  was  sent  to  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature, 
where  he  served  until  1793.  He  was  elected  to  Con¬ 
gress  1795-1801.  President  Jefferson  made  him  Sec¬ 
retary  of  the  Treasury.  From  1816  to  1823  he  was 
United  States  Minister  to  Paris.  Gallatin  wrote  ex¬ 
tensively  against  war  and  on  the  currency. 

78.  GATES,  HORATIO  Charles  W.  Peale 

Revolutionary  General.  Born  1728;  died  1806.  He  en¬ 
tered  the  British  army  at  an  early  age  and  served  as 
Captain  under  General  Braddock.  Retiring  from  the 
service  he  bought  an  estate  in  Virginia,  where  he  re¬ 
sided  when  the  Revolution  broke  out.  In  1776  he  was 
made  a  Major-General  by  Congress,  and  given  command 
of  the  Northern  Army.  In  1777  Gates  was  made 
President  of  the  Board  of  War.  In  1780  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  to  command  the  Southern  Army.  On  August 
6,  1782,  he  was  totally  defeated  at  Camden,  South 

59 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


Carolina,  by  Cornwallis,  with  a  loss  of  900  killed  and 
many  wounded  and  taken  prisoners.  On  account  of  this 
disaster  Congress  ordered  an  inquiry  to  be  made  into 
the  conduct  of  Gates,  who  retired  to  his  estate.  The 
inquiry  resulted  in  his  honorable  acquittal,  but  he 
took  no  further  part  in  the  war.  In  1800  he  removed 
to  New  York,  where  he  died  in  1806. 

79.  GEORGE  I 

George  Lewis  I,  King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
Born  1660;  died  1727.  He  married  his  cousin,  Sophia 
Dorothea,  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Zell,  in  1682.  In 
1698  he  succeeded  his  father  as  Elector  of  Hanover. 
In  1701  the  English  Parliament  passed  the  Act  of 
Settlement,  excluding  the  son  of  James  II,  and  entailed 
the  Crown  on  the  Electress  Sophia,  as  the  nearest 
Protestant  heir,  in  case  neither  the  King  nor  the  Prin¬ 
cess  Anne  should  leave  issue.  Sophia  died  in  1714,  and, 
on  the  death  of  Queen  Anne,  the  son  of  Sophia  was 
proclaimed  as  George  I. 

80.  GEORGE  II 

George  II,  King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  the  only 
son  of  George  I.  Born  1683;  died  1760.  In  1705  he 
married  the  Princess  Carolina  of  Brandenburg- Anspach. 
George  II  ascended  the  throne  in  June,  1727.  George 
gained  a  victory  in  the  war  against  Spain  in  1743, 
the  last  battle  where  a  King  of  England  appeared  at 
the  head  of  his  troops.  In  1755  the  English  and 
French  were  embroiled  by  the  question  of  the  American 
boundary,  and  the  former  became  the  ally  of  Fred¬ 
erick  the  Great  in  the  Seven  Years  War.  A  series  of 
victories  over  the  French  in  Canada,  India  and  at  sea 
occurred  during  the  last  years  of  the  reign  of  George  II. 

81.  GEORGE  III  Allan  Ramsay 

(From  life) 

King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Born  1738;  died 
1820.  Eldest  son  of  Frederick  Lewis,  Prince  of  Wales, 


60 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  83 

ELBRIDGE  GERRY,  MASSACHUSETTS 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


61 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


and  grandson  of  George  II.  He  ascended  the  throne 
on  October  25,  1760.  Pitt,  who  was  Prime  Minister, 
resigned.  In  1761  George  married  the  Princess  Char¬ 
lotte,  a  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 
War  was  declared  against  Spain  in  1762.  The  treaty  of 
Paris  restored  the  peace  of  Europe  and  recognized  the 
right  of  England  to  Canada  and  Florida.  In  1763 
Bute  suddenly  resigned  as  Prime  Minister,  and  Lord 
Grenville  became  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury.  In  1765 
Grenville  proposed  and  enacted  a  bill  for  imposing  a 
stamp  duty  in  the  American  Colonies.  In  July,  1765, 
the  Marquis  of  Rockingham  became  Prime  Minister, 
and  the  Stamp  Act  was  repealed.  In  1766  Rockingham 
was  dismissed  and  Pitt  was  again  appointed  Prime 
Minister  and  created  Earl  of  Chatham.  New  taxes 
were  imposed  upon  the  Americans  in  1767,  which  pro¬ 
voked  violent  opposition.  Chatham  resigned  in  1768, 
was  succeeded  by  Lord  Grafton,  and  Lord  North  was 
made  Prime  Minister  from  1770  to  1782,  during  which 
period  the  Colonies  resisted  with  success  thfe  British 
armies,  and  were  finally  separated  from  the  Empire. 
George  III  became  insane  in  1811,  and  his  son  George 
was  appointed  Regent,  the  mental  malady  of  the  King 
continuing  until  his  death  in  1820. 


82.  GERARD,  CONRAD  ALEXANDRE  Charles  W.  Peale 

( From  life ) 

Diplomatist.  Born  in  France  1729;  died  1790.  He  was 
one  of  the  secretaries  of  Count  de  Yergennes,  Foreign 
Minister  under  Louis  XYI,  and  as  such  arranged  and 
signed  the  treaty  of  alliance  between  France  and  the 
United  States  in  1778.  He  was  the  first  French  Min¬ 
ister  accredited  to  the  United  States  (1778).  He  re¬ 
mained  in  this  country  until  1779. 


83.  GERRY,  ELBRIDGE  J.  Bogle 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  Born  1744;  died  1814.  Graduated  at  Har¬ 
vard  1765,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  In 

62 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  oo 

JOHN  HANCOCK,  MASSACHUSETTS 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

63 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


1772  he  was  elected  representative  to  the  General 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts  and  in  1776  a  delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Treasury.  In  1787  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Federal  Convention,  but  with  George  Mason 
and  Edward  Randolph  refused  to  sign  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.  In  1789  he  was  elected  to  the 
first  National  Congress,  and  again  in  1791.  In  1810  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts  and  reelected 
in  1811.  In  1812  Elbridge  Gerry  was  elected  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States  and  held  this  office  until 
he  died,  while  on  his  way  to  the  Capitol. 


84.  GILMAN,  NICHOLAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  drawing  l>y  John  Trumbull ) 

American  statesman.  Born  1755;  died  1814.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  1786-1788,  and  a  member  from  that  State  of  the 
convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  National  Congress 
1789-1797,  and  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  New  Hampshire  1805-1814. 


85.  GLENTWORTH,  GEORGE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  J.  S.  Copley) 

Physician.  Born  1735;  died  1792.  Graduated  from 
the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  1758.  During  the 
French  and  Indian  War  he  was  surgeon  in  the  British 
army.  When  the  Revolution  broke  out  he  served  as 
Surgeon  of  a  regiment,  and  later  was  appointed  Senior 
Surgeon  in  the  Continental  Army,  and  became  Director- 
General  of  hospitals  for  the  Middle  Divison. 


86.  GOODHUE,  BENJAMIN  William  Southworth 

(After  John  Wright) 

United  States  Senator.  Born  1748;  died  1814.  Grad¬ 
uated  at  Harvard  1766,  and  early  engaged  in  com¬ 
mercial  pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  1784-1789.  Goodhue  was  a  member  of  the  first 


64 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  105 

BENJAMIN  HARRISON,  VIRGINIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

65 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


National  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  and  served  till 
1795.  His  knowledge  of  business  affairs  proved  of 
service  to  him  as  a  legislator,  and  with  the  assistance 
of  Mr.  Fitzsimmons,  of  Philadelphia,  he  drew  up  a 
code  of  Revenue  Laws,  the  majority  of  which  are  still 
in  force.  In  1796  he  was  elected  United  States  Sen¬ 
ator,  serving  until  1800. 

87.  GORHAM,  NATHANIEL  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Singleton  Copley ) 

American  statesman.  Born  1738;  died  1796.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  public  affairs  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Massachusetts 
to  the  Continental  Congress  1782-1783,  and  again  1785- 
1787,  serving  part  of  the  time  as  President  of  that 
body.  He  frequently  served  in  the  State  Legislature 
and  was  a  member  from  Massachusetts  of  the  conven¬ 
tion  called  to  frame  the  Federal  Constitution,  and 
was  a  signer  of  that  instrument. 

88.  GOUVION,  JEAN  BAPTISTE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

French  soldier.  Born  1747;  died  1792.  He  was  an 
officer  of  engineers  in  the  French  Army,  came  to 
America  in  1777,  served  on  the  staff  of  Lafayette,  and 
was  appointed  a  Major,  and  afterward  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  Engineers.  After  the  close  of  the  Revolu¬ 
tion  he  was  granted  a  pension  by  this  Government  for 
his  services  at  Yorktown.  He  returned  to  France  at 
the  end  of  the  war,  and  became  a  Major-General  in  the 
National  Guard  in  1789.  In  1791-1792  he  was  Deputy 
in  the  National  Assembly.  He  was  made  a  Lieutenant- 
General,  and  commanded  the  vanguard  of  Lafayette’s 
army  when  he  was  killed. 

89.  GRAEME,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Physician.  Born  1688;  died  1772.  Came  to  this  country 
from  Scotland  in  1717,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia.  In 
1731  he  was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 

66 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


of  Pennsylvania.  In  1749  he  was  chosen  the  first 
President  of  St.  Andrew’s  Society.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 


90.  GRASSE-TILLY,  FRANCOIS  JOSEPH  PAUL 

Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Mauzaipc) 

Count  de  Grasse,  a  French  Admiral.  Born  1723;  died 
1788.  He  first  served  in  the  navy  with  the  Knights 
of  Malta  in  1734.  While  in  charge  of  a  convoy  to  the 
East  Indies  he  was  captured,  in  1742,  by  the  British, 
and  imprisoned  in  England.  In  1778  he  was  made  a 
Captain.  In  1781,  as  Lieutenant-General,  de  Grasse  set 
out  from  France  with  a  large  fleet  conveying  a  land 
force  to  the  American  Colonies.  He  assisted  in  the 
operations  against  Cornwallis  at  the  time  of  his  sur¬ 
render  at  Yorktown.  He  received  the  thanks  of  Con¬ 
gress  for  his  share  in  the  decisive  victory. 


91.  GREENE,  NATHANAEL  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  General.  Born  1742;  died  1786.  He  distin¬ 
guished  himself  at  the  battles  of  Trenton,  Princeton, 
Brandywine,  Germantown,  Monmouth  and  elsewhere. 
He  was  appointed  to  succeed  General  Gates  in  command 
of  the  Southern  Army  in  1780.  He  commanded  at 
Guilford  Court  House  and  Eutaw  Springs  in  1781,  as 
well  as  doing  other  important  campaigning  in  the 
South. 


92.  GRIFFIN,  CYRUS  David  S.  Pope 

( After 'Thomas  Sully) 

President  of  Congress.  Born  1749;  died  1810.  In  1778 
he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  Congress  from  Virginia, 
and  again  in  1787.  Under  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  he  was  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  Virginia  from  December,  1789,  to 
1810. 


67 


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93.  GUICHEN,  LUC  URBAIN  DE  BOUEXIC 

Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Paulin  Guerin) 

French  naval  officer.  Born  1712;  died  1790.  He  was 
made  a  Lieutenant-General  in  1779,  and  commanded 
the  Marine  of  Brest.  He  was  sent  with  the  French 
allies  to  assist  the  American  Colonies  during  the  Revo¬ 
lution.  In  1780  he  gained  a  victory  over  the  English 
fleet  under  Admiral  Rodney,  at  Martinique.  In  1781 
De  Guichen  was  in  turn  defeated  by  Admiral  Kempen- 
felt,  who  took  twenty  of  his  vessels. 


94.  GURNEY,  FRANCIS  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  a  silhouette) 

Soldier.  Born  1738;  died  1815.  He  served  in  the 
French  and  Indian  War,  after  which  he  settled  in 
Philadelphia  as  a  merchant.  When  the  Revolution 
broke  out  he  was  made  a  Captain  in  the  militia.  In 
1776  was  promoted  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  Conti¬ 
nental  Army,  participating  in  several  important  battles. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  Philadelphia  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  one  of  several  resi¬ 
dents  of  Philadelphia  who  gave  bonds  to  the  amount  of 
£260,000  for  procuring  supplies  for  the  army. 


95.  HABERSHAM,  JOSEPH  Charles  W.  Peale 

Statesman.  Born  1751;  died  1815.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  first  commission  appointed  by  the  Friends  of 
Liberty  in  Georgia,  and  was  later  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  Safety.  In  January,  1776,  he  raised  a  body 
of  volunteers  who  took  the  Royal  Governor  of  Georgia 
prisoner.  After  Savannah  was  taken  by  the  British 
he  removed  to  Virginia.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolu¬ 
tion  he  ranked  as  Lieutenant-Colonel.  Habersham  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Assembly,  and  its  Speaker 
from  1785  to  1790,  and  was  Postmaster-General  of  the 
United  States  1795-1801. 


68 


INDEPENDENCE 


HALL 


No.  107 

JOHN  HART,  NEW  JERSEY 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

69 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


Maryland.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  convention 
which  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution  in  1788,  and  in 
1789  was  elected  Chancellor  of  his  State.  He  wrote 
forcibly  on  most  of  the  political  questions  of  the  day. 

102.  HANSON,  JOHN  Charles  W.  Peale 

Born  1716;  died  1783.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mary¬ 
land  House  of  Delegates  1757-1781.  Was  commissioned 
by  the  Maryland  Assembly  to  establish  a  gun-lock  fac¬ 
tory,  and  to  manufacture  gun  locks  for  the  use  of  the 
Continental  Army.  He  was  a  delegate  to  Congress 
from  1781  until  his  death.  He  served  one  year  as 
President  of  Congress,  and  in  that  capacity  gave 
Washington  the  thanks  of  Congress  for  the  victory 
at  Yorktown. 

103.  HARE,  ROBERT  Rembrandt  Peale 

American  chemist.  Born  1781;  died  1858.  Professor 
of  chemistry  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  1818-1847.  He  invented  the 
calorimoter  (a  form  of  battery  by  which  a  large 
amount  of  heat  is  produced)  in  1816.  He  was  an  ex¬ 
tensive  writer  on  chemistry  and  physics. 

104.  HARMAR,  JOSIAH  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

American  General.  Born  1753;  died  1813.  In  1776  he 
entered  the  Continental  Army  as  a  captain  and  later 
became  Lieutenant-Colonel.  In  1784  he  conveyed  to 
France  the  ratification  of  the  Definitive  Treaty.  In 
1785  he  was  appointed  Colonel  and  Commander  of  the 
forces  on  the  Northwest  frontier.  In  1787  he  was 
brevetted  a  Brigadier-General.  In  the  war  with  the 
Indians,  in  1790,  he  marched  from  Fort  Washington, 
with  1463  men,  against  the  Miamis. 

105.  HARRISON,  BENJAMIN  J.  R.  Lambdin 

(After  John  Trumbull ) 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Born  1740;  died  1791.  In  1764  he  became  a 

72 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  112 

JOSEPH  HEWES,  NORTH  CAROLINA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

73 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


member  of  the  Virginia  House  of  Burgesses  and  for  a 
time  presided  over  that  body.  In  1774  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  a  delegate  to  Congress  and  was  four  times 
reelected  to  a  seat  in  that  body.  In  1776  he  was  Chair¬ 
man  of  the  committee  of  the  whole  House  of  Congress, 
and  introduced  the  resolution  drafted  by  Richard 
Henry  Lee  declaring  the  independence  of  the  Colonies, 
and  on  July  4  he  reported  the  Declaration  of  Inde¬ 
pendence.  He  was  chosen  Qovernor  of  Virginia  in 
1781,  and  was  twice  reelected  to  that  office.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Convention  of  1788  to  ratify 
the  Federal  Constitution. 

106.  HARRISON,  ROBERT  HANSON  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Jurist.  Born  1745;  died  1790.  Succeeded  Joseph  Reed 
as  secretary  to  Washington  with  the  rank  of  Lieu¬ 
tenant-Colonel.  Chief  Justice  of  the  General  Court 
of  Maryland  1781,  but  declined  the  appointment  of 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  1789. 

107.  HART,  JOHN  H.  Deigendish 

(After  J.  S.  Copley) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Jersey.  Born  1708;  died  1780.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  pre-Revolutionary  agitation  and  was  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  Provincial  Legislature  of  New  Jersey 
and  the  first  Speaker  of  the  House.  He  was  the  pro¬ 
moter  of' laws  for  the  improvement  of  roads,  the  found¬ 
ing  of  schools,  and  the  administration  of  justice,  and 
was  known,  as  “Honest  John  Hart.”  He  served  in 
Congress  1774-1776.  In  1777-1778  he  was  chairman  of 
the  New  Jersey  Committee  of  Safety.  During  the 
British  invasion  of  New  Jersey  his  farm  was  ravaged, 
and  he  became  a  fighter  until  the  Battle  of  Trenton 
when  the  British  withdrew  and  he  was  able  to  return 
to  his  home. 

108.  HARTLEY,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

Soldier.  Born  1748;  died  1800.  He  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  practiced  at  York,  Pennsyl- 

74 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  113 

THOMAS  HEYWARD,  Jr.,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

75 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


vania.  Served  in  the  Revolutionary  Army,  being  com¬ 
missioned  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1776.  Member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Assembly  in  1778,  and  a  Member  of 
Congress  1779-1800.  Hartley  was  a  delegate  to  the 
State  convention  which  adopted  the  Federal  Constitu¬ 
tion. 


109.  HAZELWOOD,  JOHN  Charles  W.  Peale 

(From  life) 

Naval  officer.  Born  1726;  died  1800.  Captain  in  the 
-  merchant  service.  When  the  Revolution  broke  out  he 
was  appointed  Commodore  of  the  Pennsylvania  Navy, 
and  given  full  command  of  the  naval  forces  of  the 
State.  He  was  sent  by  the  Council  of  Safety  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania  to  New  York  to  devise  plans  for  obstructing 
the  North  River  with  fire  ships.  For  services  rendered 
on  this  expedition  he  was  voted  by  the  New  York 
Committee  of  Safety  i300. 


110.  HENRY,  PATRICK 

Statesman.  Born  1736;  died  1799.  Studied  law  and  be¬ 
came  a  member  of  the  Virginia  bar  in  1760.  He  had 
unusual  power  as  an  orator  and  in  1763  argued  what 
is  known  as  the  “  Parson’s  Cause.  ”  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  House  of  Burgesses,  and 
nine  days  after  he  had  taken  his  seat  moved  for  a 
series  of  resolutions  defending  the  rights  of  the  Col¬ 
onies  and  pronouncing  the  Stamp  Act  unconstitutional. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Continental  Congress 
and  opened  its  sessions  with  a  telling  speech,  gaining 
the  reputation  of  being  the  foremost  orator  on  the 
continent.  Elected  Governor  of  Virginia  1776,  reelected 
1777  and  1778,  and  again  in  1784  and  1785.  Appointed 
United  States  Senator  in  1794,  and  Washington  offered 
to  make  him  Secretary  of  State  1795,  and  later  Chief 
Justice  of  the  United  States,  but  he  declined  both 
theBe  offices. 


76 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


111.  HENRY,  WILLIAM  J.  Augustus  Beck 

(After  Benjamin  West) 

Inventor.  Born  1729;  died  1786.  In  1722  he  began 
the  manufacture  of  guns,  and  was  appointed  armorer 
to  the  troops  of  the  Braddoek  expedition.  Member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Assembly  1776;  treasurer  of  Lan¬ 
caster  County  1777,  and  Member  of  Congress  1784- 
1785.  Appointed  President  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas 
Court  of  Lancaster  County  1784. 


112.  HEWES,  JOSEPH  L.  C.  Tiffany 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  North 
Carolina.  Born  1730;  died  1779.  After  leaving  school 
at  Kingston,  New  Jersey,  he  went  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  removing  to 
North  Carolina  in  1763,  and  settled  at  Edenton.  He 
was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  Congress  from  that  State 
in  1774,  and  remained  a  member  of  that  body  until 
the  end  of  1776.  Declined  reelection  in  1777,  but  re¬ 
sumed  his  seat  again  in  1779,  and  died  in  the  second 
month  of  his  term. 


113.  HEYWARD,  THOMAS,  JR.  J.  Frazer 

(After  R.  Theus) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  South 
Carolina.  Born  1746;  died  1809.  He  took  up  the 
study  of  law,  completing  his  studies  in  England,  and 
on  his  return  to  South  Carolina,  in  1775,  was  elected 
a  delegate  to  Congress.  He  held  for  a  time  during 
the  Revolution  a  commission  in  the  militia,  and  in 
1778  was  appointed  a  Judge  in  the  new  Criminal  and 
Circuit  Court  of  South  Carolina.  He  was  captured  at 
the  fall  of  Charleston,  and  upon  his  return,  after  being 
a  prisoner  of  war,  he  resumed  his  seat  on  the  bench, 
which  he  retained  until  1798,  when  he  retired  to 
private  life. 


77 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


114.  HIESTER,  JOSEPH 

Born  November  18,  1752;  died  June  10,  1832.  He 
served  in  the  Continental  Army  during  the  Revolu¬ 
tion  and  was  later  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Convention  which  ratified  The  Federal  Constitu¬ 
tion,  1787.  In  1790  he  helped  form  a  new  Constitution 
for  Pennsylvania,  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla¬ 
ture,  and  served  as  Governor  from  December  19,  1820, 
to  December  16,  1823. 


115.  HILLEGAS,  MICHAEL  A.  M.  Archambault 

Born  1728;  died  1804.  In  1774  he  became  Treasurer 
of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  of  which  Benjamin  Frank¬ 
lin  was  President,  and  in  1775  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Continental  Congress  the  first  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  with  George  Clymer  as  his  assistant, 
and  held  this  office  until  1789. 


116.  HOOPER,  WILLIAM  J.  R.  Lambdin 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  North 
Carolina.  Born  1742;  died  1790.  Graduated  at  Har¬ 
vard  1760,  and  began  at  once  the  study  of  law  with 
James  Otis,  of  Boston.  In  1767  Hooper  removed  to 
Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  and  in  1774-1775  was  a 
delegate  to  Congress  from  that  State. 


117.  HOPKINS,  STEPHEN  J.  R.  Lambdin 

( After  John  Trumbull ) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Rhode 
Island.  Born  1707;  died  1785.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior 
Court.  In  1755  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  which  position  he  held  until  1764.  He  repre¬ 
sented  his  State  in  the  Continental  Congress  1774-1776 
and  1778.  He  was  for  many  years  Chancellor  of  Brown 
University. 


78 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  116 

WILLIAM  HOOPER,  NORTH  CAROLINA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

79 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


118.  HOPKINSON,  FRANCIS  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Jersey.  Born  1737;  died  1791.  Graduate  of  the  Col¬ 
lege  of  Philadelphia  (now  the  University  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania)  and  in  1761  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Conference  held  at  Easton  between  the  Pennsylvania 
Government  and  the  various  Indian  tribes.  Sent  to 
Congress  as  a  delegate  in  1776,  representing  the  State 
of  New  Jersey.  Appointed  Judge  of  the  Admiralty 
of  Pennsylvania  for  ten  years,  and  was  later  appointed 
a  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  same  State. 


119.  HOUSTON,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Governor  of  Georgia.  Born  1744;  died  1796.  He  early 
distinguished  himself  in  the  Revolutionary  movement, 
was  one  of  the  four  persons  to  call  the  first  meeting 
of  the  “Sons  of  Liberty”  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  1774. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  1775- 
1776,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Naval  Committee. 
He  was  Governor  of  Georgia  1778-1784. 


120.  HOWARD,  JOHN  EAGER  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier  and  statesman.  Born  1752;  died 
1827.  He  fought  in  the  Battle  of  White  Plains,  and  in 
1777  distinguished  himself  at  the  battles  of  German¬ 
town  and  Monmouth.  Was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel 
1780.  After  the  war  he  was  in  Congress  1787-1788, 
and  was  Governor  of  Maryland  1789-1792.  From  1796 
to  1803  he  was  a  United  States  Senator  from  that 
State. 


121.  HUGER,  ISAAC  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Soldier.  Born  1742;  died  1797.  He  was  educated  in 
Europe,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  was 
commissioned  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  a  South  Caro- 


80 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


lina  regiment,  and  Brigadier-General  in  1779,  partici¬ 
pating  in  every  battle  of  consequence  fought  by  the 
Southern  Army. 


122.  HUNTINGTON,  SAMUEL  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Con¬ 
necticut.  Born  1731;  died  1796.  Prior  to  1775  he  held 
the  office  of  King’s  Attorney  and  was  elected  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  January,  1776.  He  became 
President  of  Congress  in  September,  1779,  and  remained 
in  that  office  until  July,  1781.  He  was  returned  to 
Congress  from  May  to  June,  1783,  and  the  following 
year  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Connecticut.  Elected  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1785, 
and  succeeded  Roger  Griswold  as  Governor  in  1786, 
holding  that  position  until  the  time  of  his  death. 


123.  HUMPHREYS,  DAVID  Bass  Otis 

American  soldier  and  poet.  Born  1752;  died  1818.  In 
the  Revolutionary  War  he  was  aide-de-camp  to  Gen¬ 
erals  Washington  and  Putnam,  and  distinguished  him¬ 
self  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown.  In  1784  he  went  to 
Paris  and  London  as  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Erank- 
lin,  Adams  and  Jefferson,  who  negotiated  treaties  of 
commerce  and  amity  with  European  powers.  In  1790 
Washington  appointed  him  Minister  to  Portugal,  where 
he  remained  until  1797.  In  1797  he  was  sent  to  the 
Court  at  Madrid,  where  he  stayed  until  1802.  In  the 
War  of  1812  he  commanded  the  Connecticut  troops. 
He  was  noted  as  a  poet  and  a  wit. 

124.  HUTCHINSON,  JAMES  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  G.  P.  A.  Healy) 

Physician.  Born  1752;  died  1793.  He  received  his 
medical  education  in  London,  and  at  the  outset  of 
the  Revolution  espoused  the  American  cause.  He 
joined  the  army  and  served  throughout  the  war  as 
physician  and  surgeon.  He  was  professor  of  materia 

81 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


medica  and  chemistry  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania.  He  died  in  Philadelphia  during  the  yellow 
fever  epidemic  in  1793. 


125.  INGERSOLL,  JARED  George  C.  Lambdin 

(After  Rembrandt  Peale) 

American  jurist.  Born  1749;  died  1822.  Graduated  at 
Yale  in  1766,  and  became  a  prominent  Philadelphia 
lawyer.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1780-1781.  He  was  a 
member  from  Pennsylvania  of  the  convention  that 
framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  For  many  years 
Ingersoll  was  Attorney-General  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
later  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court.  In 
1812  he  was  a  candidate  for  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States,  but  was  defeated. 


> 

126.  IRVINE,  JAMES  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Revolutionary  soldier.  Born  1735;  died  1819.  Was 

appointed  a  Colonel  in  the  Pennsylvania  militia  1776, 
and  in  1782  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major-Gen¬ 
eral  in  the  Pennsylvania  line.  Irvine  was  one  of  the 
original  trustees  of  Dickinson  College,  and  a  firm 
friend  of  popular  education. 


127.  JACKSON,  ANDREW  D.  Etter 

Seventh  President  of  the  United  States.  Born  1767; 
died  1845.  He  was  a  Member  of  Congress  1796-1797, 
United  States  Senator  1797-1798,  and  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee  for  six  years.  In  1814 
Major-General  in  the  Army  in  command  of  the  De¬ 
partment  of  the  South.  He  defeated  the  English 
under  Sir  Edward  Pakenham  at  New  Orleans,  January 
8,  1815.  Was  appointed  Governor  of  Florida  Territory 
in  1821,  ran  unsuccessfully  as  a  candidate  for  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  United  States  in  1824,  was  elected  Presi- 

82 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  117 

STEPHEN  HOPKINS,  RHODE  ISLAND 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


83 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


dent  in  1828,  and  reelected  in  1832.  One  of  his  prin¬ 
cipal  acts  while  in  office  was  to  veto  the  bill  rechar¬ 
tering  the  United  States  Bank. 


128.  JACKSON,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  John  Trumbull) 

American  soldier.  Born  1759;  died  1828.  Appointed 
a  Lieutenant  in  the  first  South  Carolina  regiment  in 
1775,  and  served  as  aide  to  General  Benjamin 
Lincoln.  In  1781  he  acted  as  secretary  to  Colonel 
John  Laurens,  who  was  special  envoy  to  France.  He 
was  later  aide-de-camp  to  General  Washington,  serving 
with  the  rank  of  Major.  In  1782-1783  he  was  Assist¬ 
ant  Secretary  of  War.  Jackson  was  secretary  of  the 
convention  that  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  Dur¬ 
ing  President  Washington’s  first  administration  he 
served  him  as  personal  aide  and  secretary. 

> 


129.  JAY,  JOHN 

Statesman.  Born  1745;  died  1829.  He  studied  law 
and  in  1766  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress  1775,  in  which 
he  was  very  active.  In  1777  was  appointed  Chief  Jus¬ 
tice  of  New  York.  Was  again  sent  to  Congress  in 
1778,  and  three  days  after  taking  his  seat  was  elected 
President  of  that  body.  He  was  in  that  year  appointed 
Minister  to  Spain,  and  while  in  that  capacity  served 
as  one  of  the  members  of  the  Peace  Commission.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1784,  having  been 
elected  by  Congress  Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
then  the  most  important  post  in  the  country.  He 
was  appointed  by  Washington  the  first  Chief  Jus¬ 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  In 
1794  he  was  appointed  a  special  Envoy  to  Great  Brit¬ 
ain  by  Washington,  and  on  his  return  to  America  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  New  York  and  was  reelec¬ 
ted  in  1798.  He  was  again  appointed  Chief  Justice 
by  John  Adams  when  he  was  elected  President,  but 
declined  the  office. 


84 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


130.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Patriot,  statesman  and  President  of  the  United 
States.  Born  1743;  died  1826.  He  entered  the  William 
and  Mary  College  and  later  read  law  under  George 
Wythe,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1769  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Vir¬ 
ginia.  He  took  his  seat  in  Congress  in  1775,  and  was 
placed  on  the  committee  to  draw  up  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  Jefferson  retired  from  Congress  in 
September,  1776,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Legis¬ 
lature  of  Virginia,  and  in  1779  Governor  of  the  State. 
He  was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Peace, 
but  did  not  serve,  and  was  again  appointed  to  the 
same  post,  which  he  accepted  in  1782.  In  1783 
member  of  Congress.  He  was  appointed  a  minister  to 
negotiate  treaties  with  foreign  nations  in  1784.  Served 
as  Secretary  of  State  under  Washington.  Elected 
President  of  the  United  States  1800,  and  continued  in 
that  office  for  eight  years. 


131.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

See  No.  130. 


132.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  Charles  Saint  Memin) 

See  No.  130. 


133.  JENIFER,  DANIEL,  of  St.  Thomas  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  John  Trumbull) 

Statesman.  Born  1723;  died  1790.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  movements  preceding  the  Revolution,  was 
a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
1778-1782,  and  was  also  a  member  from  Maryland  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution, 
and  signed  that  instrument. 

85 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


dent  in  1828,  and  reelected  in  1832.  One  of  his  prin¬ 
cipal  acts  while  in  office  was  to  veto  the  bill  rechar¬ 
tering  the  United  States  Bank. 


128.  JACKSON,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  John  Trumbull) 

American  soldier.  Born  1759;  died  1828.  Appointed 
a  Lieutenant  in  the  first  South  Carolina  regiment  in 
1775,  and  served  as  aide  to  General  Benjamin 
Lincoln.  In  1781  he  acted  as  secretary  to  Colonel 
John  Laurens,  who  was  special  envoy  to  France.  He 
was  later  aide-de-camp  to  General  Washington,  serving 
with  the  rank  of  Major.  In  1782-1783  he  was  Assist¬ 
ant  Secretary  of  War.  Jackson  was  secretary  of  the 
convention  that  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  Dur¬ 
ing  President  Washington’s  first  administration  he 
served  him  as  personal  aide  and  secretary. 

) 


129.  JAY,  JOHN 

Statesman.  Born  1745;  died  1829.  He  studied  law 
and  in  1766  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress  1775,  in  which 
he  was  very  active.  In  1777  was  appointed  Chief  Jus¬ 
tice  of  New  York.  Was  again  sent  to  Congress  in 
1778,  and  three  days  after  taking  his  seat  was  elected 
President  of  that  body.  He  was  in  that  year  appointed 
Minister  to  Spain,  and  while  in  that  capacity  served 
as  one  of  the  members  of  the  Peace  Commission.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1784,  having  been 
elected  by  Congress  Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
then  the  most  important  post  in  the  country.  He 
was  appointed  by  Washington  the  first  Chief  Jus¬ 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  In 
1794  he  was  appointed  a  special  Envoy  to  Great  Brit¬ 
ain  by  Washington,  and  on  his  return  to  America  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  New  York  and  was  reelec¬ 
ted  in  1798.  He  was  again  appointed  Chief  Justice 
by  John  Adams  when  he  was  elected  President,  but 
declined  the  office. 


84 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


130.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Patriot,  statesman  and  President  of  the  United 
States.  Born  1743;  died  1826.  He  entered  the  William 
and  Mary  College  and  later  read  law  under  George 
Wythe,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1769  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Vir¬ 
ginia.  He  took  his  seat  in  Congress  in  1775,  and  was 
placed  on  the  committee  to  draw  up  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  Jefferson  retired  from  Congress  in 
September,  1776,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Legis¬ 
lature  of  Virginia,  and  in  1779  Governor  of  the  State. 
He  was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Peace, 
but  did  not  serve,  and  was  again  appointed  to  the 
same  post,  which  he  accepted  in  1782.  In  1783 
member  of  Congress.  He  was  appointed  a  minister  to 
negotiate  treaties  with  foreign  nations  in  1784.  Served 
as  Secretary  of  State  under  Washington.  Elected 
President  of  the  United  States  1800,  and  continued  in 
that  office  for  eight  years. 


131.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

See  No.  130. 


132.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  Saint  Memin) 

See  No.  130. 


133.  JENIFER,  DANIEL,  of  St.  Thomas  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Statesman.  Born  1723;  died  1790.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  movements  preceding  the  Revolution,  was 
a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
1778-1782,  and  was  also  a  member  from  Maryland  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution, 
and  signed  that  instrument. 

85 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


134.  JOHNSON,  THOMAS  Frank  B.  Mayer 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Statesman.  Born  1732;  died  1819.  He  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1763.  Member  of  Con¬ 
gress  1775.  In  1776  he  was  elected  Senior  Brigadier- 
General  of  the  Maryland  militia.  Again  a  Member 
of  Congress  1776.  In  1777  Johnson  was  elected  the 
first  Governor  of  Maryland,  and  was  reelected  for 
1778-1779.  A  Member  of  Congress  again  1781  to  1787. 
Appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  General  Court  of  Mary¬ 
land  1790,  and  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  1791. 


135.  JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  SAMUEL  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

Jurist.  Born  1727;  died  1819.  Graduated  at  Yale 
1744,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1766  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Governor’s 
Council  of  Connecticut.  During  the  Revolution  he 
lived  in  retirement.  Member  of  Congress  1784-1787, 
being  a  delegate,  from  Connecticut,  to  the  convention 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  In  1789  he 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator,  but  in  1791  he 
resigned  from  the  Senate,  devoting  his  entire  time  to 
Columbia  College,  of  which  he  was  elected  President. 


136.  JONES,  JOHN  PAUL  Charles  W.  Peale 

(From  life) 

Naval  officer.  Born  1747;  died  1792.  At  the  age  of 
twelve  he  went  to  sea.  Before  he  was  twenty  he 
served  as  mate  on  a  vessel  engaged  in  the  African 
slave  trade.  When  Congress  ordered  a  navy  for  the 
defense  of  American  liberty  Jones  was  made  Senior 
First  Lieutenant.  He  served  with  great  distinction 
during  the  war.  His  most  famous  fight  was  that  of 
the  Bon  Homme  Richard  with  the  Serapis.  For  his 
action  in  this  battle  he  was  made  a  Rear  Admiral, 
the  grade  being  created  for  him. 

86 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  118 

FRANCIS  HOPKINSON,  NEW  JERSEY 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

87 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


137.  JONES,  NOBLE  WIMBERLY 


C.  Blanching 


Physician  and  patriot  of  the  Revolution.  Born  1724; 
died  1805.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Assembly 
1761,  and  in  1774  was  one  of  the  first  to  stir  up  the 
Revolutionary  spirit  in  Georgia.  In  1775  lie  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  Congress,  and  again  in  1781.  In 
that  year  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
Philadelphia.  In  1795  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
convention  which  amended  the  State  Constitution  of 
Georgia,  in  which  State  he  again  took  up  his  residence. 


138.  KALB,  JOHANN  de 


Charles  W.  Peale 


General.  Born  1721;  died  1780.  In  1743  he  became 
a  Lieutenant  in  the  French  Army  and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  Brigadier-General.  In  1768  de  Kalb  visited  the 
American  Colonies  on  behalf  of  the  French  Govern¬ 
ment.  In  1777,  in  company  with  Lafayette,  he  again 
came  to  America  and  was  promptly  appointed  by  Con¬ 
gress  a  Major-General.  He  was  with  the  Army  at 
Valley  Forge,  and  served  in  the  New  Jersey  and  Mary¬ 
land  campaigns.  At  the  Battle  of  Camden  General 
de  Kalb  commanded  the  American  right,  which  was 
surrounded.  Dismounted  and  bareheaded  he  had  a 
number  of  hand-to-hand  encounters,  and  fell  pierced 
by  eleven  wounds  from  which  he  died  three  days  later. 


139.  KEITH,  SIR  WILLIAM 


Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Watson ) 


Lieutenant-Governor  of  Pennsylvania  1717-1726.  Born 
1680;  died  1749.  He  was  appointed  Surveyor-General 
of  the  customs  in  the  Southern  District  of  North  . 
America  by  Queen  Anne,  later  acting  as  Governor  of 
the  Provinces  of  Pennsylvania  under  Penn.  He  was 
a  desperate  intriguer,  courting  always  the  favor  of  the 
people,  and  not  sparing  of  delusive  promises  to  indi¬ 
viduals. 


88 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  122 

SAMUEL  HUNTINGTON,  CONNECTICUT 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

89 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


140.  KEY,  FRANCIS  SCOTT 

Patriot.  Born  1780;  died  1843.  He  studied  law  and 
became  District  Attorney  at  Washington,  D.  C.  When 
the  British  invaded  that  city  in  1814  they  seized  Dr. 
William  Beanes,  a  planter,  as  prisoner  of  war,  and 
Key,  aided  by  President  Madison,  resolved  to  have 
him  released.  He  went  with  an  agent  for  the  exchange 
of  prisoners  to  the  British  General,  who  finally  con¬ 
sented  to  Doctor  Beanes’  release,  but  detained  the 
party  during  the  attack  on  Baltimore.  From  their 
ship  they  could  see  the  flag  on  Fort  McHenry  nearly 
all  night  by  the  light  of  the  battle,  but  before  morn¬ 
ing  the  firing  ceased,  and  they  watched  most  anxiously 
to  see  which  colors  floated  over  the  ramparts.  Key’s 
feelings  when  he  saw  that  the  Stars  and  Stripes  had 
not  been  torn  down  found  expression  in  the  now- 
famous  “The  Star-Spangled  Banner,”  which  he  wrote, 
and  which  has  gained  for  him  a  lasting  reputation. 


141.  KING,  RUFUS  Charles  W.  Peale 

Statesman.  Born  1755;  died  1827.  He  was  a  dele¬ 
gate  to  Congress  in  1784,  a  member  of  the  Constitu¬ 
tional  Convention,  from  Massachusetts,  1787,  and  of 
the  Massachusetts  Ratifying  Committee  1787-1788 
United  States  Senator  from  New  York  1789-1796,  and 
United  States  Minister  to  Great  Britain  1796-1803. 
He  was  Federalist  candidate  for  the  Vice-Presidency 
in  1804  and  1808.  Again  elected  United  States  Senator 
1813-1825,  and  appointed  United  States  Minister  to 
Great  Britain  1825-1826. 


142.  KNOX,  HENRY  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  General  and  patriot.  Born  1750;  died  1806. 
When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  evinced  a  love  of  mili¬ 
tary  affairs  by  joining  an  independent  company  of 
English  Grenadiers,  of  which  he  was  chpsen  com¬ 
mander.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  engaged  in  com¬ 
mercial  life.  He  espoused  the  cause  of  the  oppressed 

90 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


Colonies  by  joining  the  army  then  investing  Boston. 
He  early  distinguished  himself  and  was  commissioned 
Major-General  by  Congress.  In  1785  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  War. 


143.  KOSCIUSZKO,  TADEUSZ  T.  Ryas 

Polish  patriot  and  soldier.  Born  1746;  died  1817.  Edu¬ 
cated  in  Prance,  and  in  1775  sailed  for  America.  On 
his  arrival  Kosciuszko  offered  his  services  to  Congress, 
which  were  accepted.  He  was  commissioned  a  Colonel 
in  1776,  and  in  1783  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier-Gen¬ 
eral  and  received  the  thanks  of  Congress.  After  the 
war  he  returned  to  Poland,  where  he  became  engaged 
in  the  wars  of  his  native  land. 


144.  KUHN,  ADAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  a  bas-relief ) 

American  physician  and  botanist.  Born  1741;  died 
1817.  In  1762  he  proceded  to  Europe,  where  he  studied 
medicine  at  the  University  of  Upsal,  and  botany  under 
Linnaeus.  After  visiting  various  countries  on  the  Con¬ 
tinent  he  returned  to  America  in  1768,  where  he  as¬ 
sociated  himself  with  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
medical  school  and  hospital.  In  1789  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  medicine  there,  resigning  the  chair  in  1797. 

145.  LAFAYETTE,  GILBERT  du  MOTIER  Thomas  Sully 

(From  life) 

Marquis  de  Lafayette.  Born  in  Prance  1757;  died 
1834.  Prom  the  first  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Col¬ 
onists.  He  arrived  in  this  country  in  1777.  Congress 
immediately  offered  him  a  command  in  the  army,  but 
he  chose  to  enter  the  service  as  a  volunteer  without 
pay.  He  was,  however,  appointed  a  Major-General.  In 
1779  he  went  to  France,  in  order  to  get  aid  for  our 
country,  and  soon  returned  with  the  assurance  that  a 
French  force  would  follow  him,  which  it  did.  He 
remained  in  this  country  until  after  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis  at  Yorktown,  when  he  returned  to  France. 

91 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


Invited  to  visit  America,  he  landed  in  1784,  and  after 
spending  a  few  days  with  Washington  visited  all  the 
great  cities  of  the  country.  In  1789  he  commanded 
the  National  Guard  of  Paris.  In  1824  he  again  visited 
the  United  States  and  was  enthusiastically  received. 
Congress  made  him  a  grant  of  $200,000  and  a  township 
of  24,000  acres. 

146.  LAFAYETTE,  MARQUIS  DE 

See  No.  145. 

147.  LAFAYETTE,  MARQUIS  DE  Charles  W.  Peale 

(From  life) 

See  No.  145. 

148.  LANSING,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

American  jurist.  Born  1754;  died  1829.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  Congress  1784. 
Member,  from  New  York,  of  the  convention  which  rati¬ 
fied  the  Federal  Constitution.  In  1790  he  was  appointed 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New 
York.  In  1798  Chief  Justice  Lansing  ranked  as  one 
of  the  ablest  jurists  of  his  time. 

149.  LANGDON,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Savage) 

Statesman.  Born  1739;  died  1819.  He  was  educated 
for  mercantile  pursuits.  Langdon  was  one  of  the 
party  which  removed  the  powder  and  military  stores 
from  Fort  William  and  Mary  at  New* Castle,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1774.  He  was  chosen  delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  1775-1776. 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  He  was 
Navy  Agent  in  New  Hampshire  and  contracted  for  the 
building  of  several  ships  of  war.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  and 
a  signer  of  the  same.  He  was  elected  Governor  of 
New  Hampshire  1788,  was  United  States  Senator  1789- 
1801. 


92 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  VIRGINIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


No.  130 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


150.  LAURENS,  HENRY  Charles  W.  Peal© 

President  of  Congress.  Born  1724;  died  1792.  He  took 
an  early  active  part  in  opposing  the  British,  being 
elected  a  Member  of  Congress,  of  which  he  became 
President  after  the  resignation  of  John  Hancock.  In 
1779  he  was  deputed  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the 
Netherlands.  On  his  passage  over  he  was  captured  by 
a  British  vessel,  throwing  his  papers  overboard,  which 
were,  however,  recovered  by  a  British  seaman.  He 
was  sent  to  London  and  thrown  into  the  Tower,  where 
he  was  treated  with  great  severity.  Laurens  was 
finally  released  and  went  to  France,  where  he  joined 
Benjamin  Franklin  and  John  Jay  as  one  of  the  Com¬ 
missioners  appointed  by  Congress  to  sign  the  prelim¬ 
inaries  of  peace  in  1782. 


151.  LAURENS,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature) 

American  soldier.  Born  1756;  died  1782.  He  was  a 
son  of  Henry  Laurens,  served  in  the  war  as  secretary 
to  Washington,  and  was  very  distinguished  for  his 
gallantry  during  the  Revolution.  After  the  Battle  of 
Monmouth  he  shot  General  Charles  Lee  in  a  duel,  for 
using  disrespectful  language  to  his  commander.  He 
was  killed  in  action  at  Combahee,  South  Carolina, 
August  27,  1782. 


152.  LAUZUN,  ARMAND  LOUIS  DE  GONTAUT 

Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Bouget) 

Armand  Louis  de  Gontaut,  Due  de  Lauzun,  a  French 
soldier.  Born  1747;  died  1793.  He  captured  Senegal 
from  the  English  in  1779,  and  fought  under  Washing¬ 
ton  and  Lafayette  in  the  American  Revolution.  He 
returned  to  France,  continuing  in  the  military  service, 
and  during  the  Revolution  was  accused  of  oppression 
and  falsehood  by  two  fellow-Generals.  He  was  tried 
by  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety  and  was  guillo¬ 
tined  December  31,  1793. 

94 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


RICHARD  HENRY  LEE,  VIRGINIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


No.  158 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


153.  LAW,  RICHARD 

American  jurist.  Born  1733;  died  1806.  He  was 
educated  at  Yale  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1754. 
He  practiced  in  New  London,  Connecticut,  where  he 
became  Chief  Justice  of  that  State.  Member  of  the 
Council  1776-1778,  and  1781-1784  a  Member  of  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Congress.  Mayor  of  New  London  for  twenty- 
two  years.  He  revised  the  Connecticut  code  of  State 
laws. 


154.  LEAR,  TOBIAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Diplomatist.  Born  1762;  died  1816.  Graduated  at 
Harvard  1783,  was  Consul-General  at  Santo  Domingo 
1802,  and  later  Consul-General  at  Tripoli.  In  1805 
Lear  was  commissioned  to  negotiate  peace  with  that 
country,  which  he  effected.  He  was  for  many  years 
secretary  to  Washington.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  accountant  of  the  War  Department. 


155.  LEE,  ARTHUR  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  statesman  and  diplomatist.  Born  1740;  died 
1792.  He  was  educated  in  England  and  later  studied 
medicine  at  Edinburgh.  He  returned  to  America  after 
he  was  graduated,  and  began  to  practice  as  a  physician 
at  Williamsburgh,  Virginia.  He  later  returned  to  Lon¬ 
don  and  studied  law,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
*  1770.  In  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  agent  for  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  Colony.  While  in  London,  in  com¬ 
pany  with  Benjamin  Franklin,  he  presented  to  the 
British  Ministry  the  addresses  of  the  American  Con¬ 
gress  to  the  people  and  the  King.  In  1776  he  was 
American  Commissioner  in  Paris  and  helped  to  secure 
the  * 1  Treaty  of  Alliance  ’  ’  with  France.  After  serving 
in  Congress  in  1782  he  was  in  1784  made  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  negotiate  treaties  with  the  Indians 
of  the  Northwest,  and  1784-1789  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Treasury. 


96 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


FRANCIS  LEWIS,  NEW  YORK 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


No.  159 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


156.  LEE,  CHARLES 

American  General.  Born  in  England  1731;  died  1782. 
Appointed  a  Major-General  in  the  Continental  Army 
1775.  Captured  by  the  British  in  1776,  not  being 
exchanged  until  1778.  During  this  confinement  he  be¬ 
came  a  traitor  to  the  American  cause.  This  fact  was  not 
discovered  until  many  years  later.  He  disobeyed  the 
orders  of  General  Washington  at  the  Battle  of  Mon¬ 
mouth  in  1778  and  was  sentenced  by  a  Court  Martial 
to  one  year’s  suspension  from  the  service.  A  short 
time  later  he  was  dismissed  from  the  service  by  Con¬ 
gress. 

157.  LEE,  HENRY  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  General.  Born  1756;  died  1818.  In  1776  he 
became  a  Captain  of  cavalry,  and  in  1778  he  was  placed 
in  command  of  an  independent  corps,  with  the  rank 
of  Major.  In  1779  he  received  a  gold  medal  from 
Congress  for  capturing  Paulus  Hook.  He  assisted  Gen¬ 
eral  Green  in  the  capture  of  Augusta,  Georgia,  and 
took  part  in  the  Battle  of  Eutaw  Springs.  After  being 
a  Member  of  Congress  he  was,  in  1792,  chosen  Gov¬ 
ernor  of  Virginia,  and  in  1794  he  commanded  the 
force  sent  out  by  Washington  to  suppress  the  whisky 
insurrection  in  Western  Pennsylvania.  When  Wash¬ 
ington  died,  Lee,  then  a  Member  of  Congress,  pro¬ 
nounced  Lis  eulogy  and  drafted  the  resolutions  for  the 
occasion,  in  which  he  designated  Washington  as  “First 
in  war,  first  in  peace,  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  country¬ 
men.”  Henry  Lee  was  the  father  of  the  Confederate 
General,  Robert  E.  Lee. 


158.  LEE,  RICHARD  HENRY  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Born  1732;  died  1794.  Acquiring  a  good  edu¬ 
cation  in  England  he  returned  to  Virginia  when 
twenty-five  years  of  age.  He  became  one  of  the  dele¬ 
gates  from  Virginia  to  the  first  Congress,  in  1774,  and 
on  June  7,  1776,  introduced  his  famous  resolution  for 

98 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


Independence.  He  was  a  member  of  a  large  number 
of  commissions  while  in  Congress,  usually  acting  as 
chairman.  In  1784  he  was  elected  President  of  Con¬ 
gress.  He  was  one  of  the  first  Senators  from  Virginia 
under  the  new  Eederal  Constitution.  He  retired  from 
public  life  in  1792. 


159.  LEWIS,  FRANCIS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  an  engraving) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
York.  Born  in  Wales  1713;  died  1803.  He  came  to 
New  York  when  twenty-two  years  of  age  and  was 
engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  when  the  Revolution 
broke  out.  In  1775  he  was  elected  to  the  Continental 
Congress  and  took  his  seat  in  that  body  in  May  as  a 
delegate  from  New  York.  He  remained  a  Member  of 
Congress  almost  continuously  until  1779. 

160.  LEWIS,  MERIWETHER  Charles  W.  Peale 

Explorer.  Born  1774;  died  1809.  In  1794  he  was  a 
volunteer  in  the  troops  called  out  to  suppress  the 
whisky  insurrection,  and  entered  the  regular  army 
in  1795.  He  became  Captain  in  1800,  and  in  1801-1803 
was  private  secretary  to  President  Jefferson,  who 
recommended  him  to  Congress  to  command  an  explor¬ 
ing  expedition  across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific. 
Lewis  set  out  in  the  summer  of  1803,  with  his  as¬ 
sociate,  Captain  William  Clark.  This  tour  of  explora¬ 
tion  is  known  as  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Expedition.  On 
their  return  Congress  made  grants  of  land  to  Lewis 
and  Clark  and  their  men,  and  Lewis  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Missouri  Territory. 


161.  LINCOLN,  BENJAMIN  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  General.  Born  1733;  died  1810.  At  the  out¬ 
break  of  the  Revolution  he  was  active  in  organizing 
the  Massachusetts  troops.  In  1776  he  was  appointed 
a  Major-General  of  the  State  militia,  and  commanded 
the  expedition  which  cleared  Boston  Harbor  of  British 

99 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


vessels.  Having  reinforced  Washington,  after  the  de¬ 
feat  at  Long  Island,  he  was  appointed  a  Major-Gen¬ 
eral  in  the  Continental  Army.  Lincoln  served  with 
Schuyler  against  Burgoyne,  and  in  1778  he  was  placed 
in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  South.  In  1780  he 
was  besieged  at  Charleston  and  had  to  capitulate.  In 
1781  he  joined  Washington  on  the  Hudson,  was  with 
him  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and  was  deputized  by 
Washington  to  receive  the  sword  of  Cornwallis.  From 
1781  to  1784  Lincoln  was  Secretary  of  War.  In  1787 
he  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Massachusetts, 
and  in  1789  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  port  of 
Boston. 


162.  LIVINGSTON,  PHILIP  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
York.  Born  1716;  died  1778.  Graduated  at  Yale  1737, 
and  then  engaged  in  commerce  in  New  York  City. 
Member  of  the  Provincial  Assembly  until  1769.  He 
was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
in  1774  and  continued  a  member  until  his  death. 


163.  LIVINGSTON,  ROBERT  R.  Robert  M.  Pratt 

( After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

Chancellor  of  New  York.  Born  1746;  died  1813.  Grad¬ 
uated  at  Kings  College  1765.  After  having  read  law 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Tryon  recorder  of  New 
York,  an  office  which  he  resigned  at  the  beginning  of 
the  Revolution.  In  1775  was  a  Member  of  Congress. 
He  was  placed  on  the  committee  with  Franklin,  Adams, 
Jefferson  and  Sherman  to  draw  up  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  but  was  prevented  from  signing  that 
document  by  his  hasty  return  to  the  meeting  of  the 
Provincial  Convention  in  New  York.  In  1781  he  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  on  his 
resignation,  in  1783,  he  received  the  thanks  of  Con¬ 
gress.  When  Washington  was  first  inaugurated  as 
President,  Livingston,  who  was  then  Chancellor,  ad¬ 
ministered  the  oath  of  office.  In  1801  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  France,  and  with  Mr.  Monroe  made  the 

100 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


PHILIP  LIVINGSTON,  NEW  YORK 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


101 


No.  162 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


important  purchase  of  Louisiana.  In  Paris  he  formed 
an  intimacy  with  Robert  Fulton,  whom  he  assisted  by 
counsel  and  money.  He  returned  to  America  in  1805. 

164.  LIVINGSTON,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Governor  of  New  Jersey.  Born  1723;  died  1790.  After 
filling  some  important  offices  in  New  York  he  removed 
to  New  Jersey  and  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Congress  1774-1776.  Livingston  was  the  first 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  under  the  new  State  Consti¬ 
tution;  and  in  1787  a  delegate,  from  New  Jersey,  to 
the  Constitutional  Convention,  and  a  signer  of  that 
instrument. 

165.  LOGAN,  JAMES 

American  Colonial  Statesman.  Born  1674;  died  1751. 
He  accompanied  William  Penn  to  America  as  his  sec¬ 
retary.  Logan  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  for  two  years 
acting  Governor  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
bequeathed  more  than  two  thousand  volumes  of  books 
to  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  under  the  title  of  the 
1 1  Loganian  Library,  ’  ’  which  is  still  in  existence. 

166.  LONG,  STEPHEN  HARRIMAN  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  engineer.  Born  1784;  died  1864.  In  1816 
he  was  in  the  engineering  corps  of  the  United  States 
Army  and  set  out  on  a  tour  of  exploration  of  the 
Western  frontier  of  Texas  to  the  sources  of  the  Mis¬ 
sissippi  River.  The  highest  summit  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  is  called  Long’s  Peak  in  his  honor.  He  pub¬ 
lished,  in  1824,  his  “Expedition  to  the  Source  of  St. 
Peter’s  River.” 

167.  LOUIS  XVI.  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Callet ) 

King  of  France.  Born  1754;  died  1793.  He  married, 
in  1770,  Marie  Antoinette.  Louis  ascended  the  throne 

102 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  169 


THOMAS  LYNCH,  Jr.,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


103 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


of  France  in  1774.  He  recognized  the  independence 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  1778,  and  sent  an 
army  and  a  fleet  to  this  country,  which  materially 
helped  in  securing  the  peace  in  1783.  France  was 
thrown  into  a  revolution  and  declared  a  Republic  in 
1792.  Louis  was  guillotined  in  Paris  January  21,  1793. 

168.  LUZERNE,  ANNE  CESAR  de  la  Charles  W.  Peale 

French  diplomatist.  Born  1741;  died  1791.  In  1779  he 
was  sent  as  Minister  to  the  United  States,  where  he 
had  much  influence  and  performed  with  great  credit 
the  duties  of  a  position  which  the  absence  of  instruc¬ 
tions  made  more  responsible.  He  left  the  United  States, 
in  1783,  and  was  Ambassador  from  France  to  London 
from  1788  until  his  death. 

169.  LYNCH,  THOMAS,  JR.  Anna  Lea  Merritt 

>  (A  copy) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  South 
Carolina.  Born  1749;  died  1779.  He  studied  law  in 
England  and  returned  to  South  Carolina  in  1772.  Dele¬ 
gate  to  Congress  1776.  In  1779  Lynch  sailed  for  St. 
Eustatius  and  was  never  heard  of  again.  It  is  pre¬ 
sumed  that  his  ship  was  wrecked. 

170.  MacMEYER,  ANDREW 

Captain  of  the  First  Regiment  of  New  Jersey  Infantry, 
killed  at  the  Battle  of  Germantown  Saturday,  October 
4,  1777,  while  leading  his  men  in  the  assault  on  the 
Chew  house. 

171.  McCLURG,  JAMES  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Physician.  Born  1747;  died  1825.  Graduated  at  Wil¬ 
liam  and  Mary  College  1762.  Took  his  degree  in  medi¬ 
cine  at  Edinburgh  in  1770,  returning  to  America  in 
1773.  He  sat  for  many  years  in  the  Virginia  Council, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Convention,  from  Virginia, 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

104 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


172.  McHENRY,  JAMES  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  Saint  Memin) 

Statesman.  Born  1753;  died  1816.  A  doctor  by  pro¬ 
fession,  but  did  not  practice.  He  served  in  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Army  as  aide-de-camp  to  General  Washington 
and  also  to  General  Lafayette.  Was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  Maryland  1783-1786.  A 
member  of  the  Convention,  from  Maryland,  which 
framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  a  signer  of  that 
instrument.  McHenry  was  Secretary  of  War  1796-1801, 
having  been  appointed  by  Washington,  and  continued 
in  office  by  Adams. 

173.  McINTOSH,  LACHLAN  Charles  W.  Peale 

Soldier.  Born  in  Scotland  1725;  died  1806.  He  served 
as  a  clerk  in  a  counting-house  and  later  became  a  land 
surveyor.  He  was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in 
the  Continental  Army  1776.  In  a  duel  in  1777  with 
Button  Gwinett,  a  Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde¬ 
pendence,  he  mortally  wounded  him.  Member  of  Con¬ 
gress  in  1784,  and  the  next  year  was  appointed  an 
Indian  Commissioner. 


174.  McKEAN,  THOMAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Dela¬ 
ware,  patriot  and  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  Born 
1734;  died  1817.  After  studying  law  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Delaware  1762, 
and  later  to  the  Congress  of  1774,  having  his  residence 
at  that  time  in  Philadelphia.  He  remained  in  Congress 
from  1774  to  1783,  being  Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania 
at  the  same  time.  He  was  present  in  Congress  July  4, 
1776,  and  voted  for  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  was  a  signer  of  that  document,  yet  in  the  printed 
journal  his  name  was  omitted  through  a  mistake  of 
the  printer.  As  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con¬ 
vention  from  Pennsylvania  he  urged  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution.  In  1799  he  succeeded  Thomas  Mifflin 
as  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  and  remained  in  office 
until  1808. 


105 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


175.  McKEAN,  THOMAS 


Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 


See  No.  174. 


176.  MADISON,  JAMES 


Drinker 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 


Fourth  President  of  the  United  States.  Born  1751; 
died  1836.  Graduated  at  Princeton  1772.  Delegate 
to  Congress  1780-1783,  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  from  Virginia  1787.  Appointed  Secretary 
of  State  1801,  and  elected  President  of  the  United 
States  1808.  He  was  reelected  in  1812. 


177.  MARSHALL,  JOHN  George  H.  Knapp 


(After  Henry  Inman) 


Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States.  Born  1755;  died 
1835.  He  had  some  classical  education  but  never  went 
to  college.  As  a  soldier  in  the  Continental  Army  he 
reached  the  rank  of  Captain,  participating  in  many 
battles.  After  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  he  soon  rose 
to  distinction  as  a  lawyer,  and  was  sent  by  President 
Adams  as  Minister  to  France.  In  1800  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Secretary  of  War,  then  Secretary  of  State, 
and  later  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  As  Chief  Justice  he  is  considered  the 
most  illustrious  Judge  our  country  has  ever  produced. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Philadel¬ 
phia,  the  Liberty  Bell  was  used  for  tolling  a  dirge 
while  his  body  was  being  taken  out  of  the  city  for 
interment.  It  was  at  this  time  (1835)  that  the  bell 
was  cracked. 


178.  MARTIN,  ALEXANDER 


Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  James  Sharpless) 


Senator.  Born  1740;  died  1807.  Graduated  at  Prince¬ 
ton  1756,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
settling  in  North  Carolina.  In  1772  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly.  In  1776  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Colonel  of  the  Second  North  Carolina  Regi¬ 
ment.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  1779-1782 


106 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  174 

THOMAS  McKEAN,  DELAWARE 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

107 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


and  1785-1788.  He  was  acting  Governor  of  North 
Carolina  in  1781,  and  the  following  year  was  chosen 
Governor,  and  was  reelected  in  1789.  Martin  served 
as  a  member  from  North  Carolina  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  was  elected 
a  United  States  Senator  in  1793. 

179.  MARTIN,  LUTHER 

Lawyer.  Born  1748;  died  1826.  He  was  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1766.  In  1771  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  settled  in  Maryland.  In  1778  he  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  Maryland,  and  served  as  a  dele¬ 
gate  from  that  State  to  the  convention  which  framed 
the  Federal  Constitution.  From  1814  to  1816  he  was 
Chief  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  in 
Baltimore.  In  his  old  age  he  removed  to  New  York, 

where  he  lived  in  the  same  house  with  Aaron  Burr. 

> 

180.  MASON,  GEORGE  Herbert  Welsh 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

Statesman.  Born  1725;  died  1792.  In  1769  he  drew 
up  the  non-importation  resolutions  which  were  presented 
in  the  Virginia  Assembly  and  adopted.  One  of  these 
resolutions  pledged  the  Virginia  planters  to  purchase 
no  slaves  to  be  brought  into  the  country.  He  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  1777,  but  declined  to  serve. 
Mason  was  a  member  of  the  convention  from  Virginia 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  He  refused  to 
sign  the  Constitution,  however.  He  was  elected  first 
United  States  Senator  from  Virginia,  but  declined  that 
office. 

181.  MARY  n 

Queen  of  Great  Britain,  eldest  daughter  of  James  II, 
by  Anne  Hyde,  his  first  wife.  Born  1662;  died  1694. 
In  1677  she  married  her  cousin,  the  Prince  of  Orange — 
afterward  William  III — with  whom  she  reigned  jointly 
as  sovereign  of  Great  Britain,  being  proclaimed  Feb¬ 
ruary  13,  1689.  She  died  of  smallpox  December  28, 
1694. 


108 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


182.  MATLACK,  TIMOTHY  Charles  W.  Peale 

Born  1730;  died  1829.  He  was  one  of  the  “  Fighting 
Quakers.”  He  was  an  active  local  spirit  during  the 
Revolution,  a  member  of  the  Council  and  Committee 
of  Safety.  He  was  appointed  Colonel  of  a  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  battalion  of  militia  when  the  war  broke  out. 
Served  as  a  Member  of  Congress  in  1780.  He  was  for 
many  years  master  of  the  rolls,  and  Prothonotary  of 
one  of  the  Philadelphia  courts. 

183.  MERCER,  JOHN  FRANCIS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Robert  Field) 

Statesman.  Born  1759;  died  1821.  He  was  graduated 
at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1775,  entered  the  army 
as  a  Lieutenant,  and  became  a  Captain  in  1777,  remain¬ 
ing  in  the  army  until  the  surrender  of  Yorktown,  After 
the  war  he  studied  law,  and  was  elected  a  delegate 
to  Congress  1782-1785.  He  was  also  a  delegate  to  the 
convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  He 
was  in  Congress  again  1792-1794.  Governor  of  Mary¬ 
land  1801-1803. 

184.  MIDDLETON,  ARTHUR  Philip  Wharton 

( After  Benjamin  West ) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  South 
Carolina.  Born  1742;  died  1787.  He  studied  at  Cam¬ 
bridge  University,  England,  and  on  obtaining  his 
degree  returned  to  America  and  became  at  once  a 
prominent  leader  of  the  Revolutionary  party  in  the 
South.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  Council  of  Safety 
of  South  Carolina,  and  a  delegate  to  Congress  in  1776. 
In  1780  he  served  in  the  defense  of  Charleston.  In 
1780  up  to  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  a  Member  of 
Congress.  He  also  served  as  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate.  He  wrote  many  very  able  political  essays 
under  the  name  of  “Andrew  Mervell.” 

185.  MIFFLIN,  THOMAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier.  Born  1744;  died  1800.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  after  which 

109 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


he  traveled  in  Europe.  In  the  Pennsylvania  Legisla¬ 
ture  in  1772-1773,  and  in  1774  was  a  delegate  to  Con¬ 
gress.  When  the  news  of  the  fight  at  Lexington  became 
known  he  was  made  Major  of  one  of  the  first  regi¬ 
ments  organized.  Mifflin  was  later  chosen  by  Wash¬ 
ington  as  his  first  aide-de-camp.  In  1775  he  was  made 
Quartermaster-General,  in  1776  Brigadier-General,  and 
in  1777  Major-General.  He  was  later  connected  with 
the  Conway  cabal,  which  was  an  attempt  to  have 
Washington  dismissed  from  the  supreme  command  of 
the  army.  In  1783  he  became  a  Member  of  Congress, 
and  in  1787  was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
convention  which  framed  the  Constitution.  In  1790 
he  was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  and  reelected  twice. 

186.  MILES,  SAMUEL  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Soldier.  Born  1740;  died  1805.  He  served  in  the 
Colonial  militia  during  the  last  French  and  Indian  War. 
In  1761  settled  in  Philadelphia  as  a  merchant.  When 
the  Revolution  broke  out  he  was  one  of  the  first  to 
espouse  the  patriot  cause.  In  1776  Miles  was  appointed 
Colonel  in  the  Pennsylvania  militia,  and  in  December 
of  that  year  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  He 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  in  1787, 
and  in  1790  was  elected  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 

187.  MILLER,  HENRY  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Petticolas) 

American  soldier.  Born  1751;  died  1824.  He  joined 
the  army  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  and  served 
with  distinction  throughout  the  war,  reaching  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  Pennsylvania  line.  After 
peace  was  proclaimed  he  served  as  Prothonotary  of 
Perry  County,  Pennsylvania,  for  a  number  of  years. 


188.  MONTGOMERY,  RICHARD  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  General.  Born  1736;  died  1775.  He  served 
in  the  siege  of  Louisburg  in  1758,  and  in  1762  he  was 
appointed  a  Captain  in  the  British  service.  In  1772 

110 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  184 

ARTHUR  MIDDLETON,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

111 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


he  sold  his  commission  in  the  British  Army,  and  in 
1773  settled  in  New  York  City.  Montgomery  was  ap¬ 
pointed  by  Congress  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Army  in  1775,  and  was  sent  with  a  force 
against  Canada.  During  the  assault  on  Quebec  General 
Montgomery  was  killed.  His  bravery  was  most  con¬ 
spicuous,  and  even  in  England  he  was  praised. 


189.  MONROE,  JAMES  Thomas  Sully 

Fifth  President  of  the  United  States.  Born  1758;  died 
1831.  He  was  educated  at  William  and  Mary  College, 
and  entered  the  Army  as  a  Lieutenant  in  1776.  Was 
wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Trenton.  During  1777-1778  he 
served  with  the  rank  of  Major  on  the  staff  of  the  Earl 
of  Stirling,  and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  the  Brandy¬ 
wine,  Germantown  and  Monmouth.  Retired  from  the 
service  in  1778  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and  studied  law  with  Thomas  Jefferson.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  Virginia  in 
1782,  and  a  delegate  to  Congress  in  1783.  He  opposed 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  which  in  his 
opinion  gave  too  much  power  to  the  Federal  Govern¬ 
ment.  Monroe  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator 
in  1790,  and  was  sent  to  France  as  Minister  in  1794, 
being  recalled  in  1796.  Was  Governor  of  Virginia 
1799-1802.  He  was  again  sent  to  France,  and  with 
Robert  R.  Livingston,  negotiated  for  the  purchase  of 
Louisiana.  He  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  under 
President  Madison  in  1811,  and  in  1814-1815  was  Sec¬ 
retary  of  War.  He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
President  of  the  United  States  in  1816,  and  was  elected 
by  a  big  majority.  Was  reelected  President  in  1821 
with  only  one  electoral  vote  against  him.  During  his 
second  term  he  asserted  the  important  principle  of 
foreign  policy  which  forms  the  celebrated  “Monroe 
Doctrine.  ” 


190.  MOORE,  WILLIAM  Charles  W.  Peale 

Statesman.  Born  1735;  died  1793.  In  1776  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  and  in 

112 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


1777  a  member  of  the  Board  of  War.  Moore  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  Congress  the  same  year,  but  de¬ 
clined  the  seat.  He  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Supreme  Executive  Council  in  1779,  and  was  for  a 
time  Captain-General  and  Commander-in-Chief  in  and 
over  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
commissioned  a  Judge,  in  1783,  of  the  High  Court  of 
Errors  and  Appeals. 


191.  MORGAN,  DANIEL  Charles  W.  Peale 

Soldier.  Born  1736;  died  1802.  He  began  his  military 
career  in  1755  as  a  teamster  in  the  Army  under  Brad- 
dock.  Prom  1762  to  1775  he  prospered  as  a  farmer 
in  Virginia,  and  grew  wealthy.  He  was  made  a  Cap¬ 
tain  in  the  Virginia  volunteers  called  out  by  Congress 
in  1775  and  took  part  in  the  march  against  Quebec, 
where  he  was  captured.  On  his  release  he  was  given  a 
Colonel’s  commission.  In  1780  he  was  promoted  to 
Brigadier-General  and  took  command  under  General 
Greene.  Morgan  gained  at  Cowpens  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  victories  during  the  war.  He  later  rose  to  be 
Major-General,  and  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1796. 


192.  MORGAN,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Angelica  Kauffman) 

American  physician.  Born  1725;  died  1789.  After  he 
had  completed  his  studies  under  the  care  of  Dr.  John 
Redman  he  entered  into  the  service  of  his  country  as 
a  Surgeon  and  Lieutenant  with  the  Provincial  troops, 
in  the  last  French  and  Indian  War.  In  1760  he  went 
to  Europe  to  study.  On  his  return  to  America,  in 
1775,  he  was  appointed  by  Congress  Director-General 
to  the  military  hospitals  and  Physician-in-Chief  to  the 
American  Army. 


193.  MORRIS,  GOUVERNEUR  E.  D.  Marchant 

(After  Thomas  Sully) 

Statesman.  Born  1752;  died  1816.  He  was  graduated 
at  King’s  College  (now  Columbia)  in  1768,  and  then 

113 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


studied  law.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Congress 
in  1775.  He  was  an  active  spirit  in  many  ways  dur¬ 
ing  the  Revolution.  Was  elected  a  delegate  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  convention  which  framed  the 
Federal  Constitution,  the  draft  of  that  instrument 
being  placed  in  his  hands  for  final  revision.  In  1788  he 
went  abroad,  not  returning  to  America  until  the  close 
of  1798,  and  in  the  following  spring  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate. 


194.  MORRIS,  ROBERT  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  and  “  Financier  of  the  American  Revolu¬ 
tion.’  ’  Born  1734;  died  1806.  He  came  from  England 
to  Philadelphia  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  having  received  a  commercial  education,  entered 
into  partnership  (1754)  with  Charles  Willing.  In 
1775,  while  presiding  at  a  meeting  of  the  anniversary 
of  St.  George,  news  of  the  massacre  at  Lexington  was 
received,  and  from  that  moment  his  resolution  as  to 
his  political  course  was  fixed.  He  was  appointed  a 
delegate  to  Congress  in  1775,  and  became  a  member 
of  many  important  committees,  including  the  Commit¬ 
tee  of  Safety.  His  services  in  financing  the  Revolu¬ 
tion  were  invaluable.  On  February  20,  1781,  he  was 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Finance,  and  Washing¬ 
ton,  while  he  was  President,  offered  him  the  position 
of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  which  he  declined.  He 
accepted  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  where  he 
served  until  1795.  He  founded  the  Bank  of  North 
America.  Toward  the  end  of  his  life  unfortunate  busi¬ 
ness  speculations  proved  disastrous. 


195.  MORRIS,  ROBERT  Charles  W.  Peale 

See  No.  194. 

196.  MORRIS,  MARY  Charles  W.  Peale 

Wife  of  Robert  Morris,  whom  she  married  March  2, 
1769,  when  she  was  a  little  over  twenty  years  of  age. 

114 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  194 


ROBERT  MORRIS,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

115 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


She  was  most  accomplished  and  rich,  and  when  mis¬ 
fortune  overtook  her  husband  she  showed  herself  a 
true  wife. 


197.  MORRIS,  LEWIS  C.  Noel  Flagg 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
York.  Born  1726;  died  1798.  Graduated  at  Yale  in 
1746  and  interested  himself  in  early  life  in  farming. 
Was  chosen  a  Member  of  Congress  in  1775,  and  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  committee  to  devise  means 
of  supplying  the  Colonies  with  the  necessaries  of  war. 
He  was  afterward  sent  West  to  assist  detaching  the 
Indians  from  their  British  allies,  and  inducing  them  to 
make  common  cause  with  the  Colonists.  In  1776  he 
returned  and  resumed  his  seat  in  Congress.  He  also 
rendered  distinguished  services  in  the  State  Legisla¬ 
ture.  , 


198.  MORTON,  JOHN 

(Memorial  Tablet) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Born  1724;  died  1777.  In  1764  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  and  later  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
that  Province.  Elected  a  member  of  Congress  in  1774, 
and  had  he  voted  against  the  Declaration  of  Independ¬ 
ence  the  vote  of  Pennsylvania  would  have  been  against 
it,  as  the  other  delegates  were  equally  divided. 

(There  is  no  authentic  portrait  of  John  Morton  known 
to  be  extant.  Some  years  ago — 1876 — his  descendants 
presented  to  the  city  of  Philadelphia  this  small  marble 
tablet  erected  to  his  memory.) 


199.  MUHLENBURG,  HENRY  MELCHOIR 

Charles  W.  Peale 

German-American  clergyman.  Born  1711;  died  1787. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Lutheran  church  in 
America,  a  high-minded,  public-spirited  man. 

116 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


200.  MUHLENBURG,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS  CONRAD 

Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

American  soldier,  son  of  Henry  Melchoir  Muhlenburg. 
Born  1750;  died  1801.  He  was  ordained  a  minister  of 
the  Lutheran  church,  officiating  as  such  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  and  New  York  from  time  to  time.  He  was 
elected  a  Member  of  Congress  1779-1780,  and  twice 
Speaker  of  the  House,  and  also  twice  Speaker  of  the 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania.  He  served  as  President 
of  the  State  convention  which  ratified  the  Federal  Con¬ 
stitution. 


201.  MUHLENBURG,  JOHN  PETER  GABRIEL 

Patriot,  son  of  Henry  Melchoir  Muhlenburg.  Born 
1746;  died  1807.  He  was  sent  to  Germany  to  be  edu¬ 
cated;  returned  to  America  in  1766,  studied  for  the 
ministry,  and  was  for  a  time  pastor  of  a  Lutheran 
church  in  New  Jersey.  In  1772  he  removed  to  Virginia, 
where  he  continued  to  labor  until  1775,  when  his 
patriotism  induced  him  to  accept  the  commission  of 
Colonel  in  the  army.  The  story  of  his  entry  into  the 
army  is  well  known.  He  was  later  made  a  Brigadier- 
General  (1777).  Muhlenburg  was  a  member  of  the 
first,  second  and  third  Congresses,  1789-1795,  and  again 
1799-1801. 


202.  NELSON,  THOMAS,  JR. 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Born  1738;  died  1789.  He  was  elected  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia  1761,  and 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  of  1775. 
He  attracted  much  notice  while  a  delegate  to  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Congress,  from  which  he  resigned  in  1777,  on 
being  appointed  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  State 
militia.  He  returned  to  Congress  again  in  1779,  and 
was  chosen  in  June,  1781,  Governor  of  Virginia.  He 
participated  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  as  commander 
of  the  Virginia  troops. 

117 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


203.  NIXON,  JOHN 

Soldier.  Born  1733;  died  1808.  He  was  one  of  the 
wardens  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia  in  17G6.  In  1776 
he  was  chosen  Colonel  of  the  militia,  and  had  charge 
of  the  defense  of  the  Delaware  at  Port  Island,  and  in 
July  of  that  year  was  placed  in  command  of  the  guard 
of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  On  the  fourth  of  July 
Congress  adopted  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  on  the  fifth  it  was  ordered  that  it  should  be  pub¬ 
licly  proclaimed.  On  Monday,  the  eighth  of  July,  at 
noon,  John  Nixon  read  it  to  the  assembled  populace 
in  Independence  Square.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Bank  of  North  America,  and  its  President  from 
1792  until  the  time  of  his  death. 

204.  NOAILLES,  VISCOUNT  DE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Louis  Marie  de  Noailles,  French  soldier.  Born  1756; 
died  1804.  He  came  to  America  in  1779  as  a  volun¬ 
teer,  took  part  in  the  campaign  1779-1781,  fought  under 
D’Estaing  at  Savannah,  and  at  Yorktown  was  com¬ 
missioned  to  arrange  the  details  of  the  capitulation. 
As  a  deputy  to  the  States-General  of  France,  in  3  789 
he  proposed  the  suppression  of  Federal  rights  and 
other  privileges.  He  married  the  sister  of  Madame 
Lafayette.  Soon  after  the  commencement  of  the  Reign 
of  Terror  he  emigrated  to  England,  and  in  January, 
1793,  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Phila¬ 
delphia.  In  1803  business  interests  took  him  to  Santo 
Domingo,  which  he  found  in  a  state  of  anarchy,  and 
he  took  up  arms  there  under  General  Rochambeau. 
After  a  brilliant  campaign  he  started  for  Havana,  and 
was  killed  in  a  naval  engagement  with  the  English 
in  1804. 

205.  NORTH,  CALEB  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Bass  Otis ) 

Soldier.  Born  1753;  died  1840.  He  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  Continental  Army  during  the  Revolution  with 
considerable  distinction.  After  the  surrender  of  Corn- 
«  wallis  he  had  charge  of  the  British  prisoners  on  their 

118 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  107 

LEWIS  MORRIS,  NEW  YORK 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

119 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


march  from  Virginia  to  York  and  Lancaster,  Pennsyl¬ 
vania.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  became  a  prominent 
merchant  of  Philadelphia,  being  elected  High  Sheriff 
of  the  county.  He  was  president  of  the  Society  of 
the  Cincinnati  from  1828  until  his  death. 

206.  OSWALD,  ELEAZER  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature) 

Soldier.  Born  1755;  died  1795.  He  was  made  a  Lieu¬ 
tenant-Colonel  of  Artillery  in  1777,  and  distinguished 
himself  under  Arnold.  Left  the  service  in  1778,  and 
published  the  “Maryland  Journal. ”  Oswald  was  a 
strong  opponent  of  the  political  principles  of  Alexander 
Hamilton.  In  1792  he  went  to  England,  and  later  to 
France,  where  he  joined  the  Republican  army.  Shortly 
after  this  he  returned  to  the  United  States,  where  he 
died  of  yellow  fever. 


207.  PACA,  WILLIAM  Frank  B.  Mayer 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Mary¬ 
land.  Born  1740;  died  1799.  He  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1764.  In  1771  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Provincial  Legislature,  from  which 
body  he  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  1774-1779.  Upon  the  adoption  of  the  Con¬ 
stitution  of  Maryland  he  was  elected  State  Senator 
for  two  years.  He  later  became  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Maryland,  and  in  1780  became  Chief 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  in  Prize  and  Admiralty 
Cases.  He  served  as  Governor  of  Maryland  1782-1786. 
He  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of 
the  United  States  in  1789. 


208.  PAGE,  JOHN  Charles  W.  Peale 

Governor  of  Virginia.  Born  1744;  died  1808.  From 
his  youth  he  was  a  man  of  fine  character.  He  was  a 
patriot,  statesman  and  philosopher,  from  the  com¬ 
mencement  of  the  Revolution,  and  exhibited  a  firm 


120 


INDEPENDENCE 


HALL 


No.  202 


THOMAS  NELSON,  Jr.,  VIRGINIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

121 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


attachment  to  the  patriot  cause  and  rendered  it  ex¬ 
cellent  service.  He  was  one  of  the  first  representatives 
from  Virginia  under  the  Federal  Constitution.  In  1802 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Virginia. 


209.  PAINE,  ROBERT  TREAT  Richard  M.  Staigg 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  Born  1731;  died  1814.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  and  studied  theology,  acting  in  1755  as 
Chaplain  of  the  troops  on  the  Northern  frontier.  He 
afterward  read  law,  and  having  acted,  in  1768,  as  a 
delegate  from  Taunton,  Massachusetts,  to  the  con¬ 
vention  called  in  Boston,  he  was  chosen,  in  1774,  Rep¬ 
resentative  to  the  General  Assembly,  and  delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  1774-1778.  In  1780  he  was 
Attorney-General,  and  in  1790  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts,  but  resigned  the  latter  office 
on  account  of  failing  health. 

210.  PAINE,  THOMAS  Bass  Otis 

(After  Jarvis) 

Political  writer.  Born  1737;  died  1809.  In  early  life 
he  followed  his  father’s  trade  as  a  staymaker.  Com¬ 
ing  to  Philadelphia  from  England  in  1774  he  gave  up 
this  business  and  was  employed  as  an  editor  of  a 
Pennsylvania  magazine.  After  the  Revolution  began 
he,  at  the  suggestion  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  wrote  his 
celebrated  pamphlet  “Common  Sense.”  For  this  tract 
the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  voted  him  £500.  His 
“Crisis’’  was  of  great  service  to  the  patriot  cause, 
the  first  number  of  which,  published  in  1776,  did  much 
to  relieve  the  despondency  of  Washington’s  Army. 

211.  PALFREY,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Patriot  and  soldier.  Born  1741;  died  1780.  Active  in 
the  movements  that  preceded  the  Revolution,  and  vis¬ 
ited  England  in  1771.  He  was  an  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Washington,  later  being  appointed  a  Pay¬ 
master-General  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel. 


122 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


In  1780  he  was  appointed  Consul-General  to  France, 
and  embarked  on  a  ship  for  that  country,  but  was 
never  heard  from  again. 

212.  PATERSON,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Governor  of  New  Jersey.  Born  1745;  died  1806.  He 
was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1763  and  was  a  Mem¬ 
ber  of  Congress,  1780-1781.  In  1776  he  was  Attorney- 
General  of  New  Jersey.  In  1787  he  was  a  delegate 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  convention  which  framed  the 
Federal  Constitution,  and  United  States  Senator  1789. 
He  was  elected  Governor  of  New  Jersey  in  1791,  and 
served  four  years.  Appointed  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  1793. 

213.  PEALE,  CHARLES  WILLSON  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

American  painter  and  naturalist.  Born  1741;  died 
1827.  He  first  took  up  the  business  of  a  saddler,  but 
turned  to  art,  and  established  himself  in  Boston,  where 
he  studied  under  Copley.  Afterward  went  to  London 
and  was  instructed  by  Benjamin  West.  Peale  served 
in  the  American  Army  during  the  Revolution,  and  for 
a  time  after  its  close  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of 
natural  history.  He  engaged  in  many  trades  and  was 
famous  for  his  versatility.  He  painted  portraits  of 
Washington  and  of  his  principal  officers.  He  was  a 
popular  lecturer,  a  manufacturer,  an  ingenious  inven¬ 
tor  and  a  credible  scientific  writer. 


214.  PENN,  ADMIRAL  SIR  WILLIAM 

Father  of  William  Penn,  Founder  of  Pennsylvania. 
Born  1621;  died  1670.  He  joined  the  navy  in  very 
early  life,  and  became  a  Captain  before  he  was  twenty 
years  of  age.  With  unusual  rapidity  he  obtained  the 
ranks  of  Rear-Admiral  and  Vice-Admiral  of  Ireland, 
and  in  1652  was  appointed  by  the  King  Vice-Admiral  of 
England.  In  1664  he  was  chosen  Captain-Commander 
under  the  Duke  of  York,  afterward  James  II,  and  was 

123 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


knighted.  At  the  time  of  his  death  the  crown  was 
under  heavy  financial  obligations  to  him;  it  was 
through  this  debt  that  William  Penn  was  granted  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania  by  the  King. 

215.  PENN,  WILLIAM  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Founder  of  Pennsylvania.  Born  1644;  died  1718.  He 
was  the  son  of  Admiral  Penn,  of  the  British  Navy. 
He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  England,  and  became  a 
preacher  of  the  Quakers  in  1668.  William  Penn  be¬ 
came  part  proprietor  of  Western  New  Jersey  in  1675, 
and  received  the  grant  of  Pennsylvania  in  1681.  In 
1682  he  came  to  America,  founded  the  City  of  Philadel¬ 
phia,  and  made  his  famous  treaty  with  the  Indians. 
He  returned  to  England  in  1684,  but  visited  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  again  from  1699  to  1701.  Penn  was  the  author 
of  various  religious  and  controversial  works,  which 
were  published  under  the  caption  of  1 1  The  Select 
Works  of  William  Penn.” 


216.  PENN,  WILLIAM  Henry  J.  Wright 

See  No.  215. 

217.  PENN,  HANNAH  CALLOWHILL  Henry  J.  Wright 

Second  wife  of  William  Penn,  Founder  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Callowhill, 
and  accompanied  Penn  to  Pennsylvania  in  1699,  where 
she  lived  in  great  style.  After  her  husband’s  death, 
during  the  minority  of  her  children,  as  sole  executrix, 
she  assumed  the  management  of  the  Colonial  affairs. 
Her  deputy  in  Pennsylvania  at  that  time  was  Sir 
William  Keith. 

218.  PENN,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Born  1702;  died  1775.  He  came  to  Pennsylvania  in 
1732  to  manage  the  Province.  On  his  arrival  he  took 
his  seat  in  the  Council.  He  remained  until  1741.  Sub- 


124 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  207 

WILLIAM  PACA,  MAEYLAND 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

125 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


sequently  there  was  a  long  struggle  between  the  As¬ 
sembly  and  the  proprietors,  chiefly  as  to  the  taxation 
of  the  Penn  estates.  The  Mason  and  Dixon  line  was 
run  in  1767,  and  was  confirmed  in  1769.  Thomas  Penn 
did  not  marry  until  he  was  fifty  years  of  age,  and 
upon  his  death  the  Penn  interests  were  succeeded  to 
by  his  son  John. 


219.  PENN,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Grandson  of  William  Penn,  Founder  of  Pennsylvania. 
Born  1729;  died  1795.  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania  1763-1771,  and  Governor 
1773-1775. 


220.  PENN,  RICHARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Kneller) 

Grandson  of  William  Penn,  Founder  of  Pennsylvania. 
Born  1735;  died  1811.  He  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  1771-1773. 

221.  PENN’S  TREATY  WITH  THE  INDIANS 

Benjamin  West 

According  to  tradition  William  Penn  met  the  Red- 
men  (1682)  under  the  branches  of  a  wide-spreading 
elm  tree  in  what  was  then  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia. 
There  solemn  promises  of  mutual  friendship  were  made. 
In  accordance,  however,  with  the  principles  of  the 
Quaker  faith,  no  oaths  were  taken.  Each  trusted  to 
the  other’s  simple  word.  That  treaty  was  11  never 
broken.”  This  is  the  original  canvas  by  Benjamin 
West,  and  is  world-renowned. 


222.  PENDLETON,  EDMUND  W.  L.  Marcy  Pendleton 

American  statesman.  Born  1721;  died  1803.  In  1752 
he  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  House  of  Burgesses, 
and  in  1774  a  Member  of  Congress.  In  1776  he  drafted 
the  resolution  instructing  the  delegates  of  Virginia 
to  propose  in  Congress  a  Declaration  of  Independence. 

126 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


During  the  Revolution  he  was  chairman  of  the  Vir¬ 
ginia  Committee  of  Safety.  When  the  State  of  Vir¬ 
ginia  was  organized  he  became  Speaker  of  the  House. 
He  also  presided  over  the  State  convention  which  rati¬ 
fied  the  Federal  Constitution.  From  1779  until  his 
death  he  was  President  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals. 


223.  PETERS,  RICHARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Rembrandt  Reale) 

American  jurist.  Born  1744;  died  1828.  Appointed  by 
Congress  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  War  during  the 
Revolution.  In  1782  he  was  a  Member  of  Congress,  and 
in  1792  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  office  he  held  for  thirty-six 
years. 


224.  PICKERING,  TIMOTHY  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  statesman.  Born  1745;  died  1829.  Gradu¬ 
ated  at  Harvard  College  in  1763;  received  a  commis¬ 
sion  as  Lieutenant  of  militia  in  1766.  In  1775  he 
was  elected  Colonel.  After  the  Battle  of  Lexington 
Colonel  Pickering,  with  seven  hundred  Essex  militia, 
joined  the  Continental  Army,  and  next  year  became 
Adjutant-General  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  War. 
In  1780  he  was  made  Quartermaster-General,  holding 
the  office  until  it  was  abolished  five  years  later.  In 
1791  he  negotiated  a  treaty  with  the  Six  Nations.  The 
following  year  he  was  made  Postmaster-General,  hold¬ 
ing  the  office  until  1795,  when  he  became  Secretary 
of  War.  He  was  Secretary  of  State  1795-1800.  In 
1803-1811  he  was  United  States  Senator. 

225.  PIKE,  ZEBULON  MONTGOMERY  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier  and  explorer.  Born  1779;  died  1813. 
In  the  service  of  the  Government  he  explored  the 
headwaters  of  the  Mississippi.  He  discovered  Pike’s 
Peak,  reached  the  Rio  Grande  and  was  for  some  time 
held  prisoner  by  the  Spanish  authorities.  He  served 
in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  Brigadier-General  in 

127 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


1813.  He  commanded  tlie  expedition  against  Toronto, 
before  which  place  he  was  killed  by  the  explosion  of 
a  powder  magazine. 

226.  PINCKNEY,  CHARLES  COTESWORTH 

Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

American  statesman.  Born  1746;  died  1825.  Educated 
in  England.  When  the  Revolutionary  War  broke  out 
he  entered  the  Army  as  Captain,  and  the  same  year 
was  promoted  Major.  He  was  Washington’s  aide-de- 
camp  at  the  battles  of  Brandywine  and  Germantown. 
In  1780  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  surrender  of 
Charleston  and  detained  for  two  years,  when  he  was 
exchanged  and  was  commissioned  Brigadier-General. 
He  was  a  member,  from  South  Carolina,  of  the  con¬ 
vention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and 
introduced  the  clause  forbidding  religious  tests  as  a 
qualification  for  office.  In  1796  he  was  sent  as  Min¬ 
ister  to  France,  but  the  Directory  refused  to  receive 
him.  It  was  while  on  this  mission  that,  when  it  was 
intimated  that  peace  might  be  granted  in  return  for 
money  payment,  he  made  the  reply:  “ Millions  for 
defense,  but  not  one  cent  for  tribute.”  When  he  re¬ 
turned  to  this  country  he  was  made  Major-General. 
He  was  the  third  President-General  of  the  Cincinnati. 

227.  PINCKNEY,  CHARLES  COTESWORTH 

Albert  Rosenthal 

See  No.  226.  (A  copy) 

228.  PINCKNEY,  CHARLES  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

American  statesman.  Born  1758;  died  1824.  He  was 
very  active  in  the  Revolutionary  cause.  During  the 
war  he  was  taken  prisoner  and  sent  to  St.  Augustine. 
He  served  in  the  Provincial  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Member  of  the  Provincial  Congress.  In  1787  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  convention  which  framed  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument.  He 
was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  1789-1792,  and  again 

128 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  209 

ROBERT  TREAT  PAINE,  MASSACHUSETTS 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

129 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


in  1796;  United  States  Senator  1798-1801,  and  in  1802 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Spain  by  Jefferson.  In 
1806  he  was  Governor  again,  and  later  a  Member  of 
Congress. 


229.  PINCKNEY,  THOMAS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull ) 

American  soldier.  Born  1750;  died  1828.  He  was 
brother  of  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney.  He  joined 
the  Continental  Army  as  a  Lieutenant  in  1775,  was 
aide-de-camp  to  General  Lincoln,  and  served  in  a  simi¬ 
lar  capacity  under  D’Estaing  and  Gates.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Governor  of  South  Carolina  1789.  United  States 
Minister  to  Great  Britain  1792-1794,  and  to  Spain  1794- 
1796.  He  was  the  Federalist  candidate  for  Vice-Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  United  States  1796.  He  was  elected  a 
Member  of  Congress  from  South  Carolina  1797-1801. 
In  1812’  appointed  Major-General.  He  succeeded  his 
brother  as  President-General  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati. 

230.  PLESSIS,  CHEVALIER  THOMAS  DU 

( After  a  pastel  by  La  Tour) 

Thomas  Antoine  Mauduit  Chevalier  Du  Plessis.  Born 
1753;  died  1791.  He  entered  the  French  Army  at  the 
age  of  twelve  years  and  studied  for  the  artillery.  He 
left  in  1777  for  America,  distinguishing  himself  at  the 
battles  of  Germantown  and  Red  Bank.  On  his  return 
to  France  he  was  appointed  Commander  of  the  Regi¬ 
ment  Port-au-Prince,  and  was  massacred  by  soldiers. 

231.  PORTER,  ANDREW  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

American  soldier.  Born  1743;  died  1813.  Appointed 
Captain  of  Marines  by  Congress,  and  ordered  on  board 
the  frigate  Effingham.  Shortly  after  this  he  was  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  artillery  in  the  Continental  Army,  being 
promoted  to  Major  in  1782.  In  1801  he  was  appointed 
a  Brigadier-General  of  State  militia  and  later  Major- 
General. 


130 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


232.  PORTER,  DAVID 


Charles  W.  Peale 


American  naval  officer.  Born  1780;  died  1843.  Served 
as  a  merchantman  under  his  father  and  entered  the 
navy  in  1778.  Took  part  in  the  Tripolitan  War,  1801- 
1806,  was  taken  prisoner  on  the  frigate  Philadelphia, 
and  remained  captive  for  eighteen  months.  He  com¬ 
manded  the  Essex  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  captured 
the  Alert,  the  first  British  war  vessel  taken  in  that 
war.  He  was  Naval  Commissioner  1815-1823;  was 
court-martialed,  and  suspended  for  six  months  for  dis¬ 
obedience,  1825;  resigned  his  commission  and  took 
charge  of  the  Mexican  Navy  1826-1829.  Porter  was 
Consul  at  Algiers  1829,  and  Minister  to  Turkey  1831. 


233.  PULASKI,  CASIMIR 


T.  Ryas 


Polish  Count  and  patriot.  Born  1748;  died  1779. 
Joined  his  father  and  brothers  in  the  struggle  against 
King  Augustus,  and  after  their  death  became  com¬ 
mander  of  the  insurgents  and  attempted  to  seize  the 
King  at  Warsaw.  Failing  in  this  he  was  outlawed  and 
sought  refuge  in  various  countries.  In  1775  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Benjamin  Franklin  in  Paris,  came 
to  Philadelphia  in  1777,  and  was  attached  to  the  staff 
of  Washington.  Was  made  Brigadier-General  by  Con¬ 
gress.  During  the  siege  of  Savannah  he  was  wounded. 
He  was  taken  on  board  the  United  States  brig  Wasp, 
where  he  died. 


Charles  W.  Peale 


234.  RAMSAY,  DAVID 


Physician.  Born  1749;  died  1815.  Graduated  at 
Princeton  1765,  and  the  Medical  School  of  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  1773.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution  he  took  the  field  as  Surgeon.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  South  Carolina  Legislature  1776-1783, 
a  delegate  to  Congress  1782-1786.  His  death  was 
caused  by  a  pistol  wound  inflicted  by  a  maniac  whose 
insanity  he  had  testified  to. 


131 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


235.  RAMSAY,  NATHANIEL  Rembrandt  Peale 

Soldier.  Born  1751;  died  1817.  Graduated  at  Prince¬ 
ton  1767.  In  1776  he  was  appointed  a  Captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army,  and  was  later  promoted  Lieu¬ 
tenant-Colonel.  Shortly  after  this  he  was  captured 
by  the  British  and  subsequently  saw  no  active  service. 
Member  of  Congress  1786-1787. 

236.  RANDOLPH,  EDMUND  JENNINGS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Statesman.  Born  1753;  died  1813.  Aide-de-camp  to 
Washington  1775.  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con¬ 
gress  from  Virginia,  1779-1782.  In  1787  a  member 
from  Virginia  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
Federal  Constitution.  With  Gerry  and  Mason  he  re¬ 
fused  to  sign  that  instrument.  Governor  of  Virginia 
1786-1788,  in  1789  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States,  and  in  1794  Secretary  of  State. 

237.  RANDOLPH,  PEYTON  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  statesman.  Born  1721;  died  1775.  Gradu¬ 
ated  at  William  and  Mary  College  and  later  went  to 
England  to  study  law  at  the  Temple.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  King’s  Attorney  of  Virginia  1748,  and  framed 
the  remonstrance  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  to  the 
King  against  the  passage  of  the  Stamp  Act.  He  was 
later  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Correspondence,  1773, 
and  President  of  the  First  Continental  Congress,  which 
met  at  Philadelphia  September  5,  1774,  and  again  when 
it  reassembled  May  10,  1775. 

238.  READ,  GEORGE  Thomas  Sully 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Dela¬ 
ware.  Born  1733;  died  1798.  In  1774  elected  to  Con¬ 
gress.  He  strenuously  opposed  the  adoption  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  maintaining  that  the 
time  had  not  come  for  such  action,  and  voted  against 
it,  but  he  finally  signed  it,  and  was  afterward  one  of 

132 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  238 

GEORGE  READ,  DELAWARE 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

133 


CATALOGUE  OP  PICTURES 


the  stoutest  supporters  of  the  cause.  In  1782  he  was 
made  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  of  Admiralty 
cases,  and  in  1793  Chief  Justice  of  Delaware.  He  was 
also  the  first  United  States  Senator  from  Delaware. 

239.  REAL,  PIERRE  FRANCOIS,  COUNT  DE 

Charles  W.  Peale 

French  politician  and  lawyer.  Born  1760;  died  1834. 
He  was  a  partisan  of  Danton  in  1793,  and  contributed 
actively  in  1799  to  the  success  of  Bonaparte,  who  ap¬ 
pointed  him  a  councillor  of  State,  and  gave  him,  in 
1808,  the  title  of  Count. 

240.  RED-JACKET  (SAGOYEWATHA)  Charles  W.  Peale 

Celebrated  Indian  Chief,  leader  and  orator  of  the 
Seneca  Indians.  Born  1751;  died  1830.  He  earnestly 
opposed  the  treaty  between  the  Six  Nations  and  the 
United  States  for  the  cession  of  lands.  In  the  War 
of  1812  he  fought  under  the  colors  of  the  United 
States. 

241.  REED,  JOSEPH  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  patriot.  Born  1741;  died  1785.  He  studied 
law  in  England,  and  practiced  in  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania.  Was  a  delegate  to  Congress  1775,  and 
was  aide-de-camp  and  secretary  to  Washington.  He 
was  appointed  Adjutant-General  1776,  and  Brigadier- 
General  1777.  Reed  signed  the  Articles  of  Confedera¬ 
tion  in  1778,  and  was  President  of  the  Supreme  Execu¬ 
tive  Council  of  Pennsylvania  1778-1781.  He  became 
famous  for  his  reply  to  the  British  when  they  offered 
him  fifty  thousand  dollars  if  he  would  persuade  the 
Colonies  to  return  to  their  allegiance:  “I  am  not 
worth  purchasing,  but  such  as  I  am  the  King  of  Great 
Britain  is  not  rich  enough  to  do  it.” 

242.  RITTENHOUSE,  DAVID  Charles  W.  Peale 

Eminent  American  astronomer.  Born  1732;  died  1796. 
He  followed  the  trade  of  clockmaking,  and  also  made 

134 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


GEOBGE  BOSS,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


135 


No.  248 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


mathematical  instruments  of  excellent  quality.  His 
studies  in  astronomy  had  been  carried  on  with  his 
practical  work  to  such  an  extent  that  in  1769,  he  com¬ 
municated  to  the  American  Philosophical  Society  a 
calculation  of  the  transit  of  Venus  from  his  own  ob¬ 
servations.  Rittenhouse  was  a  member  of  the  con¬ 
vention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  of  1790.  He  organized  the  first  United  States 
Mint  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  its  first  Director,  1792- 
1795. 

243.  ROBINSON,  THOMAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

Captain  of  the  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Battalion.  Ap¬ 
pointed  January  5,  1776,  Major.  October,  1776,  he  was 
wounded  at  Brandywine,  and  in  1777  was  transferred 
to  the  Second  Pennsylvania  Artillery,  being  appointed 
Colonel  in  1783. 

244.  ROCHAMBEAU,  COUNT  DE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature) 

Jean  Baptiste  Donatien  de  Vimeure  Rochambeau,  a 
French  Field  Marshal.  Born  1725;  died  1807.  He 
served  with  distinction  at  Minorca,  and  with  great 
credit  in  Germany.  He  commanded  an  army  of  six 
thousand  men  sent  to  the  American  Colonies'  aid  by 
the  French  King  in  1780,  and  he  contributed  greatly 
to  the  victory  at  Yorktown.  In  1791  he  obtained  the 
baton  of  a  Marshal. 

245.  ROCHAMBEAU,  COUNT  DE  Charles  W.  Peale 

See  No.  244. 

246.  ROCHAMBEAU,  VISCOUNT  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Donatien  Marie  Joseph  de  Vimeure  Rochambeau,  a 
French  General.  Born  1750;  died  1813.  He  served 
under  his  father  in  the  American  Revolution  as  Assist¬ 
ant  Adjutant-General,  and  later  went  to  Santo  Domingo 
with  Leclerc,  at  whose  death,  in  1802,  he  became  Corn- 

136 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


mander-in-Chief.  In  1813  Rochambeau  took  part  with 
the  French  in  the  campaign  in  Germany  and  was  killed 
at  Leipsic. 


247.  RODGERS,  JOHN  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  Naval  officer.  Born  1771;  died  1838.  He 
served  as  executive  officer  on  the  Constellation  at  the 
capture  of  the  French  frigate  L’Insurgente  1799,  and 
in  1805  succeded  Commodore  Barron  in  command  of  the 
American  squadron  operating  against  Tripoli.  He  com¬ 
manded  the  President  in  1811,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  defense  of  the  city  of  Baltimore  in  1814. 


248.  ROSS,  GEORGE  P.  F.  Wharton 

(After  Benjamin  West) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Born  1730;  died  1779.  Member  of  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Congress  1774  and  continued  until  1777.  In 
1779  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  Admiralty  for  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  but  died  shortly  after  assum¬ 
ing  the  office. 


249.  RUSH,  BENJAMIN  Thomas  Sully 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Born  1745;  died  1813.  He  was  graduated 
at  Princeton  in  1760,  and  studied  medicine  in  Edin¬ 
burgh,  London  and  Paris,  and  in  1769  was  made  Pro¬ 
fessor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Medical  College  of  Phila¬ 
delphia.  He  was  an  active  supporter  of  the  Revolu¬ 
tionary  cause  and  was  elected  to  the  Continental  Con¬ 
gress  July  1,  1776.  He  was  appointed  Surgeon-General 
of  the  Middle  Department  1777,  and  the  same  year 
became  Physician-General  of  the  Army.  In  1791  he 
was  made  Professor  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  being  very  successful  in  the  treatment 
of  yellow  fever  cases  in  the  epidemic  of  1793. 

137 


CATALOGUE  OP  PICTURES 


250.  RUSH,  WILLIAM 


Charles  W.  Peale 


Sculptor.  Born  1756;  died  1833.  Apprenticed  to  a 
wood  carver  in  his  youth.  Rush  first  became  known  as 
a  maker  of  figureheads  on  ships.  Especially  notable 
among  his  ship  carvings  are  the  “Genius  of  the  United 
States,”  the  “Constellation,”  and  busts  of  Voltaire, 
Benjamin  Pranklin  and  William  Penn.  He  did  not 
confine  himself  to  figureheads,  but  carved  statues.  His 
best-known  statue  is  that  of  George  Washington,  1814, 
on  exhibition  at  Independence  Hall.  Rush  served  in 
the  Revolutionary  Army,  and  was  a  member  of  Phila¬ 
delphia  City  Councils  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century. 


251.  RUTLEDGE,  EDWARD 


P.  F.  Wharton 

(After  J.  Earl) 


Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  South 
Carolina.  Born  1749;  died  1800.  Began  the  practice 
of  law  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1773,  and  be¬ 
came  a  member  of  the  first  Board  of  War,  after  hav¬ 
ing  been  chosen  a  delegate  to  Congress  in  1774.  He 
was  again  elected  to  Congress  1775,  1776  and  1779,  but 
in  the  following  year  was  captured  at  the  siege  of 
Charleston  and  imprisoned  at  St.  Augustine.  In  1787 
he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  at  Jackson- 
burg,  South  Carolina,  and  in  1798  was  elected  Gov¬ 
ernor  of  that  State.  He  died  before  his  term  expired. 


252.  RUTLEDGE,  JOHN 


Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  John  Trumbull) 


Born  1739;  died  1800.  Studied  law  in  England  and 
returned  to  South  Carolina  in  1761.  Took  an  active 
part  in  the  Revolutionary  cause;  delegate  to  Congress 
1774-1775.  In  1776  he  was  appointed  President  of 
South  Carolina  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  that  Col¬ 
ony.  Governor  of  the  State  in  1779,  Chancellor  of  the 
State  in  1784,  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution,  and  a  signer  of  that  instru¬ 
ment.  Chief  Justice  of  South  Carolina,  and  appointed 
in  1795  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  but  was  not  confirmed. 


138 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  249 

BENJAMIN  RUSH,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

139 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


253.  SAINT  MEMIN,  CHARLES  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  C.  Saint  Memin) 

Charles  Balthazar  Julien  Fevre  de  Saint  Memin,  artist. 
Born  1770;  died  1852.  He  entered  as  a  cadet  in  the 
Military  School  of  Paris  and  was  appointed  Ensign 
in  1788.  Went  to  Canada  in  1793  and  later  to  New 
York.  While  in  the  army  he  gave  his  attention  to 
drawing  and  painting.  He  constructed  a  pantograph 
while  in  America,  with  which  he  made  many  likenesses 
of  famous  men.  In  1798  he  secured  a  profile  of  Wash¬ 
ington,  which  is  especially  interesting  as  it  was  the 
last  picture  taken  of  him  before  his  death.  In  1810 
Saint  Memin  returned  to  France,  only  remaining  there 
two  years,  when  he  came  back  to  America  and  aban¬ 
doned  engraving  for  portrait  and  landscape  painting. 


254.  SERGEANT,  JONATHAN  DICKINSON 

W.  Wallace  Gilchrist,  Jr. 

(After  Charles  TV.  Peale) 

Born  1746;  died  1793.  Graduated  at  Princeton  at  the 
age  of  sixteen.  In  1775  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Provincial  Council  of  New  Jersey.  In  1776  he 
was  elected  a  Member  of  Congress,  and  in  1777  was 
appointed,  by  the  Executive  Council,  Attorney-General 
of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey. 
After  the  war  he  resided  in  Philadelphia.  In  1792, 
when  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  broke  out  in  that  city, 
he  was  very  active  in  caring  and  providing  for  the 
sick  and  needy,  even  acting  as  a  nurse  in  some  cases. 
He  contracted  the  disease  himself  and  died  from  its 
effects  in  1793. 


255.  SAVAGE,  EDWARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  C.  Saint  Memin) 

Painter.  Born  1761;  died  1817.  He  was  at  first  en¬ 
gaged  as  a  goldsmith.  After  studying  for  a  while 
under  Benjamin  West,  in  London,  he  went  to  Italy. 
Before  he  went  abroad  he  painted  the  Washington 
family,  and,  finding  no  engraver,  engraved  the  picture 
himself.  Of  this  print  it  is  said  he  sold  nine  thou 

140 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  251 

EDWARD  RUTLEDGE,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

141 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


sand  copies  at  nine  dollars  each.  He  was  an  artist  of 
good  talent,  but  his  attention  was  taken  up  with  many 
other  pursuits  as  well  as  painting. 


256.  SHULZE,  JOHN  ANDREW 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  under  the  Con¬ 
stitution  of  1790,  from  December  16,  1823,  to  December 
15,  1829. 

257.  SCHUYLER,  PHILIP  JOHN  J.  H.  Lazarus 

( After  John  Trumbull) 

American  General.  Born  1733;  died  1804.  In  1755- 
1758  he  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  War,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Major.  In  1775  he  was  a  delegate 
to  Congress,  and  in  the  same  year  was  made  a  Major- 
General  of  the  Continental  Army.  In  1779  he  was 
reelected  to  Congress  and  resigned  from  the  Army. 

258.  SHEE,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  a  miniature ) 

Colonel  of  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Battalion.  Ap¬ 
pointed  January  3,  1776,  and  resigned  his  commission 
September  27,  1776. 

259.  SHIPPEN,  EDWARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart ) 

Mayor  of  Philadelphia.  Born  in  England  1639;  died 
1712.  He  came  to  America  in  1668,  locating  in  Phila¬ 
delphia  in  1693.  He  was  elected  to  the  Colonial  As¬ 
sembly  and  chosen  its  Speaker  in  1695.  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  in  1697,  and  Presiding  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  Quarter  Sessions  and  the  Orphans  * 
Courts.  In  1701  he  became  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 

260.  SHIPPEN,  WILLIAM  Gilbert  Stuart 

Physician.  Born  1736;  died  1808.  First  professor  of 
anatomy  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  After 

142 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


studying  medicine  in  Philadelphia  he  completed  his 
studies  at  Edinburgh.  In  1777  he  was  chosen  Direc¬ 
tor-General  of  the  medical  department  of  the  Conti¬ 
nental  Army. 

261.  SHERMAN,  ROGER  Thomas  Hicks 

(After  James  Earl) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Con¬ 
necticut.  Born  1721;  died  1793.  He  was  a  shoemaker 
in  early  life,  but  in  1745  was  appointed  a  Surveyor  of 
Lands.  He  was  successively  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas  Court  and  member  of  the  upper  house  in  the 
Legislature  of  Connecticut.  In  1766  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court.  Delegate  to  Congress  1774.  He  was 
Mayor  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  from  1784  until 
the  time  of  his  death. 

262  SIGNING  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES 

A  study  sketch  by  Rossiter 

In  1787  a  convention  of  fifty-five  members  was  held  in 
Philadelphia  to  make  a  new  Constitution,  to  be  adopted 
in  place  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation.  Washington 
presided  at  this  convention,  and  a  majority  of  the 
State  Legislatures  sent  their  chief  men  to  take  part 
in  it.  The  convention  held  a  secret  session  of  nearly 
four  months  before  the  new  Constitution  could  be 
agreed  upon.  This  convention  met  at  Independence 
Hall. 

263.  SMALLWOOD,  WILLIAM  Charles  W.  Peale 

Soldier.  Born  1732;  died  1792.  In  1776  he  was 
elected  a  Colonel  in  the  Maryland  militia.  For  his 
gallantry  at  the  Battle  of  White  Plains  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  by  Congress  a  Brigadier-General.  In  1780  he 
was  raised  to  the  rank  of  Major-General,  but  after  the 
removal  of  General  Gates  he  refused  to  serve  under 
Baron  Steuben.  In  1785  he  was  elected  a  Member  of 
Congress  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected  Governor 
of  Maryland. 


143 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


264.  SMITH,  JONATHAN  BAYARD  Charles  W.  Peale 

Member  of  Continental  Congress.  Born  1742;  died 
1812.  He  was  elected  a  Member  of  Congress  1777- 
1778.  Smith  commanded  a  company  of  militia  at  the  / 
Battle  of  Princeton.  After  the  war  he  settled  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  became  a  successful  merchant.  ! 
He  was  for  many  years  a  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas 
Court. 

265.  SMITH,  THOMAS  Edward  A.  Bell 

Judge.  Born  1745;  died  1809.  At  an  early  age  he 
espoused  the  patriot  cause  and  served  his  country  in 
a  number  of  offices  during  the  Revolutionary  War. 

In  1794  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  held  that  office  until  his 
death. 

266.  SMITH,  SAMUEL  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier.  Born  1752;  died  1839.  In  1776  he 
was  appointed  a  Captain  in  the  Maryland  militia.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major, 
and  in  1777  to  that  of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  In  1779  he 
was  challenged  to  fight  a  duel  with  Eleazer  Oswald. 

On  the  advice  of  friends  he  declined  the  challenge.  In  1 
1783  he  was  appointed  Port  Warden  of  Baltimore.  In 
1793  was  elected  a  Member  of  Congress,  and  later  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  1803.  Smith 
served  for  a  short  time  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  He 
was  a  Major-General  in  the  War  of  1812. 

267.  SNYDER,  SIMON  Charles  W.  Peale 

Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  Born  1759;  died  1819.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
State  Constitution  in  1790,  and  in  1797  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives.  In 
1808  he  was  made  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  serving 
three  terms.  Upon  his  retirement  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1817. 


144 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  261 

ROGER  SHERMAN,  CONNECTICUT 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

145 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


268.  SPAIGHT,  RICHARD  DOBBS  Charles  Saint  MSmin 

Governor  of  North  Carolina.  Born  1758;  died  1802. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland.  He  returned  to  America  in  1778  and  was 
appointed  an  aide-de-camp  to  General  Richard  Caswell. 
In  1781  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  North  Caro¬ 
lina  Legislature.  In  1783  he  became  a  Member  of 
Congress.  He  was  a  delegate  from  North  Carolina  to 
the  Convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution. 
In  1792  he  was  chosen  Governor  of  North  Carolina. 
He  was  again  elected  a  Member  of  Congress  in  1798, 
continuing  in  that  body  until  1801. 


269.  ST.  CLAIR,  ARTHUR  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier.  Born  in  Scotland  1734;  died  1818. 
He  purchased  a  commission  of  Ensign  in  the  Sixtieth 
British  Foot  in  1757  and  came  to  America,  serving 
under  General  Jeffrey  Amherst.  In  1759  he  was  made 
Lieutenant,  and  resigned  that  commission  in  1762.  In 
1764  he  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1775  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  a  Colonel  of  militia  and  delegated  to  treat 
with  the  Indian  tribes  in  Western  Pennsylvania.  In 
1776  he  was  reappointed  Colonel  of  the  Second  Penn¬ 
sylvania  Regiment,  and  the  same  year  was  appointed 
Brigadier-General,  and  was  later  made  a  Major-Gen¬ 
eral.  St.  Clair  served  with  distinction  throughout  the 
war.  He  was  a  Member'  of  Congress  1785-1787.  On 
the  formation  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  in  1789,  he 
was  appointed  its  Governor. 

270.  STARK,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  S.  F.  B.  Morse) 

American  General.  Born  1728;  died  1822  He  was  born 
in  the  wilds  of  New  Hampshire,  was  captured  by  the 
Indians  and  adopted  into  the  tribe.  He  participated 
in  the  French  and  Indian  wars,  raised  recruits  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolution,  and  saw  much  active 
service,  distinguishing  himself  at  the  Battle  of  Ben¬ 
nington.  At  one  time  he  commanded  the  Department 
of  the  North.  . 


146 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  273 

THOMAS  STONE,  MARYLAND 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

147 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


271.  STEWART,  WALTER 


Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 


American  soldier.  Born  1756;  died  1796.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  an  aide-de-camp  to  General  Gates  in  1776,  and 
Colonel  of  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania 
militia,  in  1777.  Stewart  was  considered  one  of  the 
handsomest  men  of  his  day.  He  had  a  distinguished 
career  during  the  Revolution  and  enjoyed  the  personal 
esteem  and  friendship  of  General  Washington. 


Charles  W.  Peale 


272.  STEUBEN,  BARON 


Frederick  William  Augustus  Henry  Ferdinand.  A  Prus¬ 
sian  General.  Born  1730;  died  1794.  He  entered  the 
Prussian  service  in  1747,  serving  throughout  the  Seven 
Years  War.  In  1777  he  came  to  the  aid  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Colonies,  receiving  the  commission  of  a  Major- 
General,  and  was  appointed  Inspector-General  of  the 
American  forces.  He  saw  active  service  in  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  checked  Arnold’s  invasion  of  Connecticut,  and 
was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Yorktown.  In  return 
for  his  services  Congress  granted  him  land  and  a 
pension.  He  remained  in  America  and  settled  upon 
his  land  in  New  York,  and  died  there  at  a  town  named 
Steubenville,  in  his  honor. 


273.  STONE,  THOMAS 


Frank  B.  Mayer 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 


Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Mary¬ 
land.  Born  1743;  died  1787.  He  began  the  practice 
of  law  at  Fredericktown,  Maryland.  In  1774  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  Maryland  delegates  to  Congress,  and 
was  again  elected  to  that  body  in  1775,  1776,  1777  and 
1783,  and  in  the  intervening  years  he  served  as  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  Maryland  Legislature. 

274.  STOCKTON,  RICHARD  George  W.  Conarroe 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Jersey.  Born  1730;  died  1781.  After  he  was  grad¬ 
uated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  in  1748,  he  read 


148 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1754.  Appointed 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1774,  having  been  pre¬ 
viously  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  New 
Jersey.  Member  of  Congress  1776,  when  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  member  of  a  committee  to  inspect  the  North¬ 
ern  Army,  and  while  doing  so  was  captured  by  the 
British.  The  severe  treatment  he  received  as  a  pris¬ 
oner  of  war  undermined  his  health,  which  he  never 
recovered. 


275.  STRONG,  CALEB  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

Governor  of  Massachusetts.  Born  1745;  died  1819. 

Graduated  at  Harvard  1764,  when  he  took  up  law. 

In  1775  he  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety, 

and  in  1780  was  chosen  one  of  the  Council  of  Massa- 

• 

chusetts.  He  was  also  a  delegate,  from  Massachusetts, 
to  the  convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitu¬ 
tion,  but  did  not  sign  that  instrument.  From  1789 
to  1797  he  was  a  United  States  Senator,  and  from 
1800  to  1807  he  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts. 

276.  STUART,  GILBERT  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Nagle) 

Artist.  Gilbert  Stuart,  or  Gilbert  Charles,  as  he  is 
sometimes  called,  was  a  portrait  painter.  Born  1755; 
died  1828.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Benjamin  West  in  Lon¬ 
don,  and  was  greatly  applauded  in  England  for  his 
merit.  He  returned  to  America  in  1792  and  resided 
chiefly  in  Philadelphia  and  Washington  until  1805, 
when  he  removed  to  Boston.  He  was  a  capable  artist 
and  as  a  portrait  and  historical  painter  was  unequaled 
in  this  country.  His  portrait  of  Washington  presents 
a  head  of  calm  and  majestic  wisdom,  and  is  familiar 
to  most  Americans. 

277.  SULLIVAN,  JOHN  Richard  M.  Staigg 

American  soldier.  Born  1740;  died  1795.  He  was  a 
lawyer  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  rep¬ 
resented  New  Hampshire  in  Congress.  In  1775  he  was 

149 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


made  Brigadier-General  and  was  prominent  in  the  siege 
of  Boston.  He  was  created  a  Major-General  and  given 
command  at  Long  Island.  He  resigned  his  commis¬ 
sion  in  the  Army  in  1780  and  was  again  sent  to  Con¬ 
gress.  His  services  in  securing  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  were  of  great  value.  He  was  United 
States  Judge  1789-1795. 


278.  SUMTER,  THOMAS  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  General.  Born  1734;  died  1832.  He  entered 
the  British  service  in  Colonial  times,  taking  part  in 
the  Braddock  expedition  and  in  the  French  and  Indian 
wars.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  he  was  as¬ 
signed  a  command  in  South  Carolina,  with  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  afterward  becoming  Brigadier- 
General.  From'  1780  to  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
engaged  in  guerilla  warfare  which  proved  very  haras¬ 
sing  to  the  British.  After  the  close  of  the  Revolution 
he  took  an  active  part  in  politics,  was  a  Member  of 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  1789-1793  and  1797- 
1801,  United  States  Senator  1801-1809,  and  United 
States  Minister  to  Brazil  1809-1811.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  the  only  surviving  Revolutionary 
General. 


279.  TAYLOR,  GEORGE  L.  M.  Schneider 

(After  a  miniature ) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Born  in  Ireland  in  1716;  died  1781.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1736  and  was  bound  to  an 
iron  manufacturer  at  Durham,  Pennsylvania.  Later 
he  established  a  large  iron  mill  in  Northampton 
County,  and  was  sent  to  the  Provincial  Assembly  from 
there,  in  1754.  He  was  reelected  for  each  year  until 
1770.  Returning  to  Durham  he  was  again  sent  to  the 
Assembly  in  1775,  and  was  placed  on  the  Committee 
of  Safety.  He  was  sent  to  Congress  in  1776,  in  place 
of  one  of  the  five  delegates  from  Pennsylvania  who 
hesitated  to  agree  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 


150 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  274 

RICHARD  STOCKTON,  NEW  JERSEY 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

151 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


280.  TALLMADGE,  BENJAMIN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

American  General.  Born  1754;  died  1835.  Graduated 
at  Yale  in  1773,  and  became  a  school-teacher.  When 
the  Revolution  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  a  Connecticut 
regiment,  attaining  the  rank  of  Major  in  1777,  and 
Colonel  in  1779.  He  had  charge  of  the  execution  of 
Major  Andre,  whom  he  greatly  admired.  After  the 
war  he  was  a  Member  of  Congress  1801-1817. 

281.  TAYLOR,  ZACHARY  Robert  Street 

Twelfth  President  of  the  United  States.  Born  1784; 
died  1850.  He  entered  the  United  States  Army  as  a 
Lieutenant  in  1808,  and  served  in  the  War  of  1812, 
attaining  the  rank  of  Major.  He  served  in  the  Black 
Hawk  War,  1832,  became  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
United  States  forces  in  Florida  in  1838,  and  in  the 
Mexican  War  he  was  General.  In  1848  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  United  States. 


282.  TENNENT,  COLONEL  Charles  W.  Peale 


283.  THOMSON,  CHARLES  Charles  W.  Peale 

Patriot.  Born  in  Ireland  1729;  died  1824.  Came  to 
America  1740,  and  lived  in  Delaware.  In  1774  he 
came  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  called  the  “Sam 
Adams  of  Philadelphia.”  He  was  one  of  the  first 
to  take  his  stand  with  the  Colonies,  and  exercised  im¬ 
mense  influence  among  the  people,  owing  to  their  great 
respect  for  and  confidence  in  him.  In  September,  1774, 
he  was  chosen  Secretary  of  Congress  and  held  that 
post  up  to  1789,  when  he  retired  to  private  life,  taking 
up  literature  and  writing  as  a  pastime. 

284.  THOMSON,  CHARLES  Charles  W.  Peale 

See  No.  283. 


152 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  279 

GEORGE  TAYLOR,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

153 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


285.  TILGHMAN,  MATTHEW  D.  R.  Berger 

Patriot.  Born  1718;  died  1790.  Delegate  to  the  Col¬ 
onial  Assembly  of  Maryland  1751.  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress.  In  June,  1776,  he  was  sum¬ 
moned  from  his  seat  in  Congress  to  attend  the  con¬ 
vention  at  Annapolis  which  framed  the  first  Consti¬ 
tution  of  the  new  State  of  Maryland,  over  which  he 
presided.  It  was  through  his  absence  from  Congress 
at  this  time  that  he  did  not  sign  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  He  continued  to  represent  his  State 
in  Congress  until  1777,  when  he  resigned.  Tilghman 
was  considered  by  his  contemporaries  one  of  the  firm¬ 
est  advocates  of  civil  and  religious  liberty  of  his  time. 

286.  TILGHMAN,  TENCH  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Soldier.  ’Born  1744;  died  1786.  He  began  life  as  a 
merchant  in  Philadelphia.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution  he  enlisted  as  a  Lieutenant  of  infantry.  In 
1776  he  was  appointed  aide  and  military  secretary  on 
General  Washington’s  staff.  He  bore  Washington’s 
dispatch  to  Congress  on  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis 
at  Yorktown.  After  the  war  he  became  a  merchant  in 
Baltimore. 


287.  TREVILLE,  DE  LA  TOUCHE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Paulin  Guerin) 

French  Admiral.  Born  1745;  died  1804.  He  came  to 
the  aid  of  the  Colonies  as  a  Commander  of  the  French 
fleet  and  assisted  in  the  victory  at  Yorktown.  He  was 
elected  to  the  States-General  in  1789  and  became  a 
Rear  Admiral  in  1792.  He  commanded  in  a  naval 
battle  against  the  English  Admiral  Nelson  in  1801. 


288.  TRUMBULL,  JOHN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Waldo  Jewett ) 

Soldier  and  artist.  Born  1756;  died  1843.  Graduated 
at  Harvard  1773,  and  when  the  Revolution  broke  out 
was  made  a  member  of  Washington’s  military  family 

154 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


as  an  aide-de-camp  and  Adjutant  under  General  Gates. 
After  the  war  he  went  to  Europe  to  perfect  himself 
in  art  and  studied  with  Benjamin  West.  One  of  his 
famous  paintings  is  “The  Declaration  of  Independ¬ 
ence,  “  which  is  in  the  rotunda  in  the  Capitol  at  Wash¬ 
ington,  as  are  three  of  his  other  great  paintings.  He 
presented  a  gallery  of  his  works  to  Yale  College. 


289.  TRUMBULL,  JOSEPH  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Member  of  the  Continental  Congress.  Born  1737 ;  died 
1778.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  1756,  served  in 
Congress  1774-1775,  was  Commissary-General  of  the 
Revolutionary  Army  1775-1777,  and  a  Commissioner  of 
the  Board  of  War,  1777-1778,  resigning  in  the  latter 
year  on  account  of  failing  health. 


290.  TRUMBULL,  JONATHAN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Governor  of  Connecticut.  Born  1740;  died  1809.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  1759.  Prom  1775  to  1778 
was  Paymaster  to  the  Continental  Army  in  the  North¬ 
ern  Department.  In  1780  he  was  appointed  first  aide 
to  General  Washington.  In  1789  he  was  elected  a 
Member  of  Congress,  and  in  1791  was  made  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives.  In  1795  he  became 
a  United  States  Senator.  In  1798  he  succeeded  Oliver 
Wolcott  as  Governor  of  Connecticut  and  remained  in 
that  office  until  his  death. 


291.  TURNER,  GEORGE 

Born  1750;  died  1843.  He  entered  the  Army  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  being  appointed  a  Captain 
in  the  South  Carolina  militia.  He  was  a  personal 
friend  of  General  Washington,  who  in  1789  commis¬ 
sioned  him  Judge  of  the  Northwest  Territory.  In 
1833  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  resided  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death. 


155 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


292.  VARICK,  RICHARD  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Ealph  Earle) 

American  soldier.  Born  1753;  died  1831.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  a  Colonel  in  the  Continental  Army,  and  in  1783 
was  one  of  Washington’s  staff,  being  his  recording 
secretary.  He  was  President  of  the  American  Bible 
Society,  and  was  also  Mayor  of  New  York  City. 

293.  VARNUM,  JAMES  MITCHEL  Charles  W.  Peale 

(After  Ealph  Earle) 

American  soldier.  Born  1748;  died  1789.  In  1774  he 
became  Colonel  of  the  Kentish  Guards,  and  at  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  the  Revolution  was  commissioned  a  Colonel 
of  the  First  Rhode  Island  Infantry.  In  1777  Briga¬ 
dier-General  of  the  Continental  Army,  which  commis¬ 
sion  he  resigned  in  1779,  after  much  active  service  in 
the  several  campaigns  of  the  war.  He  was  a  Mem¬ 
ber  of  Congress  1780-1782,  and  again  in  1786-1787.  In 
1787  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  North¬ 
west  Territory. 

294.  VERGENNES,  COUNT  DE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Charles  Gravier  Yergennes,  a  French  Count,  statesman 
and  diplomatist.  Born  1717;  died  1787.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  to  the  Electoral  Court  of  Treves  in  1750,  and 
in  1754-1768  was  Ambassador  to  Constantinople.  After 
his  return  he  was  sent,  in  1771,  on  a  mission  to  Stock¬ 
holm,  where  he  assisted  Gustavus  III  in  the  revolution 
there.  He  became  Secretary  of  Foreign  Relations 
under  Louis  XYI  in  1774,  and  concluded  the  Treaty 
of  Alliance  Offensive  and  Defensive  with  the  United 
States  in  1778,  which  involved  France  in  a  war  against 
England.  This  war  was  ended  by  the  Treaty  of  Paris 
in  1783.  Yergennes  remained  in  office  until  his  death. 

r 

295.  VIOMENIL,  BARON  DE  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Delaval) 

Antoine  Charles  du  Houx  Yiomenil,  French  General. 
Born  1728;  died  1792.  He  was  second  in  command  of 

156 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  297 

GEORGE  WALTON,  GEORGIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

157 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


the  army  of  Rochambeau  in  the  United  States,  to 
which  he  was  sent  in  1780.  While  defending  the  King 
against  the  populace  of  Paris,  in  1792,  he  received  a 
severe  wound  from  which  he  died. 

296.  VOLNEY,  COUNT  DE  Charles  W.  Peale 

Constantin  Francois  Chassebseuf  Boisgirais  Yolney, 
French  Count,  philosopher  and  traveler.  Born  1757; 
died  1820.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  in  1795  and  passed 
two  years  or  more  in  the  United  States.  He  was  a 
great  friend  of  Washington  as  well  as  of  Franklin.  He 
complained  that  he  was  illtreated  by  the  Government 
and  by  President  John  Adams.  He  supported  Bona¬ 
parte,  but  declined  the  place  of  Minister  'of  the  In¬ 
terior. 

297.  WALTON,  GEORGE  S.  B.  Waugh 

(After  James  Peale) 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from 
Georgia.  Born  1740;  died  1804.  He  began  the  prac¬ 
tice  of  law  in  Augusta,  Georgia,  in  1774.  Member  of 
Congress  1776-1781.  He  was  appointed  Colonel  of 
militia  in  1778,  and  elected  Governor  of  Georgia  in 
1779,  and  again  in  1789.  He  was  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Georgia  and  later  became  a  United 
States  Senator. 

298.  WARD,  ARTEMUS 

American  soldier  and  jurist.  Born  1727;  died  1800. 
Graduated  at  Harvard  in  1748.  Lieutenant-Colonel  in 
the  French  and  Indian  War.  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  Massachusetts  troops  in  1775,  and  Congress  placed 
him  first  on  the  list  of  Major-Generals.  He  resigned 
on  account  of  ill  health  in  1776.  In  that  year  he  was 
appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
of  Worcester  County,  Massachusetts.  In  1777  he  be¬ 
came  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Executive  Coun¬ 
cil.  Ward  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  for 
sixteen  years,  and  its  Speaker  in  1785.  From  1791  to 
1795  he  was  a  Member  of  Congress. 

158 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  312 

WILLIAM  WHIPPLE,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


159 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


299.  WARREN,  JOSEPH  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier  and  physician.  Born  1741;  died  1775. 
Graduated  at  Harvard  1759.  Studied  medicine  and 
began  practice  in  Boston.  He  was  one  of  the  Com¬ 
mittee  of  Safety  appointed  after  the  Boston  Massacre. 
In  1774  he  drew  up  the  il  Suffolk  Resolves,”  which  vir¬ 
tually  placed  Massachusetts  in  an  attitude  of  resist¬ 
ance.  These  “ Resolves’’  were  approved  by  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Congress.  He  was  chosen  President  of  the 
Provincial  Congress  in  1775.  In  the  Battle  of  Bunker 
Hill  he  was  struck  by  a  bullet  and  instantly  killed. 


300.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  Robert  Edge  Pine 

American  General,  statesman,  and  first  President  of 
the  United  States.  Born  1732;  died  1799.  He  was 
the  son  of  a  Virginia  planter.  When  his  father  died 
he  inherited  a  large  farm,  attended  country  schools, 
but  never  went  to  college.  In  1748  he  was  employed 
by  Lord  Fairfax  to  survey  a  portion  of  his  land  sit¬ 
uated  beyond  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  he  was  appointed  an  Adjutant-General, 
with  the  rank  of  Major,  of  one  of  the  districts  into 
which  Virginia  was  then  divided.  In  1753  —  during 
the  French  and  Indian  War — he  was  sent  by  Gov¬ 
ernor  Dinwiddie  on  an  important  mission  to  the 
French  Commander.  He  served  as  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Braddock  in  his  disastrous  expedition.  He 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia  in 
1758.  In  1774  he  was  elected  delegate  from  Virginia 
to  the  Continental  Congress.  On  June  15,  1775,  he 
was  elected  Commander-in-Chief  of  all  the  American 
forces,  and  on  July  3  assumed  command  at  Cam¬ 
bridge,  Massachusetts.  From  this  time  on  he  remained 
at  the  head  of  the  Army  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  resigned  his  commission  December  23,  1783,  and 
retired  to  private  life.  In  1787  he  was  chosen  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution  and  signed  that  instrument.  He  wa3 
elected,  without  opposition,  President  of  the  United 
States  April  6,  1789,  and  was  inaugurated  April  30.  In 

160 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


1792  he  was  reelected  President,  and  four  years  later 
declined  a  third  term.  He  issued  his  famous  Farewell 
Address  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  in  1796. 


301.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  James  Peale 

( From  life) 

See  No.  300. 


302.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  George  Etter 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart ) 

See  No.  300. 


303.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  Rembrandt  Peale 

See  No.  300. 


304.  WASHINGTON,  MARTHA 

Wife  of  George  Washington.  Born  1732;  died  1802. 
She  wras  the  daughter  of  Colonel  John  Dandridge.  In 
1749  she  married  Daniel  Parke  Custis,  who  died  in 
1757.  She  married  George  Washington  in  1759.  Mrs. 
Washington  had  by  her  first  husband  four  children; 
two  died  in  infancy  and  the  other  two  were  adopted 
by  Washington,  by  wrhom  she  had  no  children.  She 
was  a  woman  of  striking  personality,  of  considerable 
wealth,  and  shared  with  her  husband  all  the  joys  and 
sorrows  of  his  remarkable  life. 


305.  WASHINGTON,  WILLIAM  Charles  W.  Peale* 

Soldier.  Born  1752;  died  1810.  But  little  is  known 
of  his  life  before  the  opening  of  the  Revolution.  In 
1775  he  was  commissioned  a  Captain  in  the  Revolu¬ 
tionary  Army.  In  1779  he  was  commissioned  a  Colonel 
and  given  command  of  a  regiment  in  the  South.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Legisla¬ 
ture  in  1783. 


161 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


306.  WAYNE,  ANTHONY  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

American  General.  Born  1745;  died  1796.  He  was 
educated  at  Philadelphia  and  became  a  land-  surveyor. 
Wayne  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  convention 
of  1774-1775,  member  of  the  Colonial  Legislature  and 
of  its  Committee  of  Safety.  He  was  commissioned 
Colonel  of  a  Pennsylvania  regiment  in  1776,  and  in 
1777  Brigadier-General,  joining  Washington’s  army  in 
New  Jersey.  He  led  the  famous  attack  on  Stony 
Point  on  the  Hudson,  reached  the  fort  without  being 
observed,  and,  by  a  bayonet  charge,  forced  the  garri¬ 
son  to  surrender.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
surrender  of  Yorktown  and  in  many  other  engage¬ 
ments.  He  was  appointed  Major-General  commanding 
the  United  States  Army  in  1792. 


307.  WEBB,  SAMUEL  BLATCHLEY  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Charles  W.  Peale) 

Soldier.  Born  1753;  died  1807.  He  was  appointed  an 
aide  to  General  Israel  Putnam  in  1776?  and  given  com¬ 
mand  of  a  regiment  of  Connecticut  militia,  which  he 
raised  at  his  own  expense,  in  1777.  He  was  captured  by 
the  British  in  the  same  year  and  was  not  released  until 
1780,  when  he  was  given  command,  with  rank  of 
Brigadier-General.  General  Webb  held  in  his  hand 
the  Bible  upon  which  Washington  took  his  oath  of 
office  as  first  President  of  the  United  States. 


308.  WEST,  BENJAMIN  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Gilbert  Stuart) 

>  Distinguished  painter.  Born  1738;  died  1820.  He  was 
President  of  the  Royal  Academy  in  England.  As  a 
boy  in  Pennsylvania  his  taste  for  painting  was  very 
early  indicated.  In  1760  he  went  to  Italy,  thence  to 
Paris,  and  in  1763  to  London,  where  he  settled.  In  a 
short  time  he  became  famous;  his  works  were  exhibited 
in  public  galleries  from  1764  for  forty  years.  One  of 
his  masterpieces  is  on  exhibition  at  Independence 
Hall:  the  famous  “Penn’s  Treaty  With  the  Indians.” 

162 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


JAMES  WILSON,  PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 


163 


No.  313 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


309.  WEST,  THOMAS  Margaret  Thomas 

(After  L.  A.  Hilliard) 

Baron  Delawarr  (or  Delaware).  Died  1618.  He  was 
for  a  time  Governor  and  Captain-General  of  Virginia. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  post  in  1609,  and  arrived 
at  Jamestown,  Virginia,  in  1610.  Baron  Delaware 
remained  there  but  one  year,  returning  to  England  in 
1611. 

310.  WHITE,  ANTHONY  WALTON  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  James  Sharpless) 

Soldier.  Born  1750;  died  1803.  In  1775  he  was  com¬ 
missioned  a  Major  and  made  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Washington.  In  1776  he  was  advanced  to  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  and  in  1780  he  was  ordered  by  Washington 
to  take  command  of  all  the  cavalry  in  the  Southern 
Army. 

> 

311.  WHITE,  WILLIAM  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop.  Born  1748; 
died  1836.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  Phila¬ 
delphia  in  1765,  and  finished  his  theological  studies 
in  1770.  Was  rector  of  Christ  Church  and  Saint 
Peter’s,  in  Philadelphia,  1779-1836.  The  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  given  to  him  by  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1782,  it  being  the  first  honorary 
degree  of  that  college.  He  was  the  presiding  officer 
at  the  first  Episcopal  convention  held  in  America,  in 

1785.  Bishop  White  wrote  the  Constitution  of  the 
American  church,  and  was  chosen  its  first  Bishop  in 

1786.  He  was  also  President  of  the  first  Bible  Society 
in  the  United  States. 

312.  WHIPPLE,  WILLIAM 

(After  Charles  St.  Memin) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Hampshire.  Born  1730;  died  1785.  He  was  appointed 
a  delegate  to  Congress  from  that  State  in  1775,  1776 
and  1778.  In  1777  he  was  commissioned  a  Brigadier 
General  in  the  Continental  Army,  participating  in  the 

164 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  316 

WILLIAM  WILLIAMS,  CONNECTICUT 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

165 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


battles  of  Stillwater  and  Saratoga.  In  1782  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire. 

313.  WILSON,  JAMES  P.  F.  Wharton 

( After  James  Peale) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  Born  in  Scotland  1742;  died  1798.  He  came 
to  Philadelphia  in  1766  and  obtained  the  position  of 
tutor  in  the  Latin  department  of  the  Philadelphia 
College.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  John  Dickinson, 
and,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  became  eminent. 
He  served  as  a  Member  of  Congress  in  1775,  and  was 
reelected  for  1776-1777.  He  was,  in  1787,  a  delegate 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  convention  which  framed 
the  Federal  Constitution.  He  argued  strongly  in  favor 
of  its  ratification,  and  delivered  the  oration  at  the 
procession  formed  to  celebrate  its  adoption.  In  1789 
appointed  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 

314.  WILSON,  JAMES  Albert  Rosenthal 

( After  James  Peale) 

See  No.  313. 

315.  WILLIAMS,  OTHO  HOLLAND  Charles  W.  Peale 

(After  James  Peale) 

Soldier.  Born  1749;  died  1800.  In  1775  he  was  ap¬ 
pointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Maryland  militia.  Shortly 
after  his  appointment  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and  while 
confined  suffered  great  hardship  at  the  hands  of  the 
British.  Upon  his  release  he  acted  as  Deputy  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  Southern  Army.  Near  the  close  of  the 
war  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General. 
Williams  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Balti¬ 
more  after  the  war,  and  held,  that  office  until  his  death. 

316.  WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM  James  Sawyer 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Con¬ 
necticut.  Born  1731;  died  1811.  He  was  graduated 

166 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  321 


JOHN  WITHERSPOON,  NEW  JERSEY 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

167 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


at  Harvard  in  1747,  and,  being  attached  to  the  staff 
of  Colonel  Ephraim  Williams,  made  a  campaign  in 
1755.  He  became  a  prominent  member  of  the  Council 
of  Safety,  and  a  representative  to  Congress  in  1776. 
For  many  years  he  served  in  the  State  Legislature, 
filled  a  large  number  of  offices  of  trust,  and  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  convention  which  adopted  the 
Federal  Constitution. 

317.  WILLIAMSON,  HUGH  Albert  Rosenthal 

(After  Jarvis ) 

Statesman.  Born  1735;  died  1819.  Graduated  at  the 
College  of  Philadelphia  1757  and  took  up  the  study  of 
theology,  preaching  for  about  two  years.  He  later  took 
up  the  study  of  medicine  and  practiced  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  a  Member  of  Congress  1784-1786,  and  again 
1790-1793.  He  was  also  a  delegate  from  North  Caro¬ 
lina  to  the  convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Con¬ 
stitution  and  signed  the  same. 


318.  WILKINSON,  JAMES  Charles  W.  Peale 

American  soldier.  Born  1757;  died  1825.  He  com¬ 
pleted  the  study  of  medicine,  and  entered  the  Revolu¬ 
tionary  Army  as  Captain  in  1775,  serving  in  Canada 
and  at  Saratoga.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General,  and  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  War.  Wilkin¬ 
son  was  connected  with  the  Conway  cabal,  which  led 
to  his  resignation  of  his  commission  as  Brigadier-Gen¬ 
eral.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  went  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  engaged  in  trade.  In  1791  he  was  reinstated 
in  the  Army  by  General  Wayne  and  did  good  service 
against  the  Indians  in  the  Northwest.  In  1792  he  was 
again  appointed  a  Brigadier-General,  and  given  su¬ 
preme  command  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  at 
the  death  of  Wayne.  He  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
1805.  He  disclosed  Burr’s  Southwestern  imperial 
scheme  to  the  Government,  and  was  himself  implicated 
in  the  conspiracy,  but  was  exonerated.  In  the  summer 
of  1813,  during  the  War  of  1812,  he  commanded,  with 
ill  success,  the  Northern  frontier.  He  was  dismissed 
from  the  service.  He  died  in  Mexico. 


168 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  323 


GEORGE  WYTHE,  VIRGINIA 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

169 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


319.  WILLETT,  MARINUS  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

American  soldier.  Born  1740;  died  1820.  He  was  sec¬ 
ond  in  command  in  the  action  at  Fort  Stanwix  (then 
Fort  Schuyler),  August,  1777.  In  1780-1783  he  com¬ 
manded  the  New  York  militia  in  the  Mohawk  Valley, 
making  the  last  attack  of  the  war  on  the  British,  at 
Oswego,  in  February,  1783.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  1783-1784,  and  was  Mayor  of 
New  York,  1807-1808. 

320.  WILLIAM  LEI 

King  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland.  Born  1650; 
died  1702.  Son  of  William  II,  Prince  of  Orange,  and 
Mary  Stuart,  daughter  of  Charles  I.  In  1677  he  mar¬ 
ried  Mary,  daughter  of  James  II.  Through  a  revolu¬ 
tion  in  which  he  was  successful  he  called  a  convention, 
composed  of  peers  and  the  sovereign  members  of  the 
former  House  of  Commons,  which  in  1689  voted  that 
James  had  abdicated  and  that  William  and  Mary 
should  be  declared  King  and  Queen  of  England.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Queen  Anne. 

321.  WITHERSPOON,  JOHN  Charles  W.  Peale 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  New 
Jersey.  Born  1722;  died  1794.  He  was  ordained  a 
minister  in  Scotland  in  1745,  and  in  1768  was  chosen 
President  by  the  Trustees  of  the  College  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey.  This  he  at  first  refused  but  afterward  accepted. 
He  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Princeton,  and  in 
May,  1776,  became  a  Member  of  the  Continental  Con¬ 
gress.  His  services  in  the  cause  of  liberty  were  un¬ 
tiring,  and  he  remained  a  Member  of  Congress  for  six 
years. 

322.  WOLCOTT,  OLIVER  J.  R.  Lambdin 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Con¬ 
necticut.  Born  1726;  died  1797.  He  was  graduated 

170 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


No.  322 

OLIVER  WOLCOTT,  CONNECTICUT 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

171 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


at  Yale  and  received  a  Captain’s  commission  from  the 
Colonial  Governor  of  New  York.  Became  Sheriff  of 
Litchfield  County  in  1751,  and  in  1774  a  member  of 
the  State  Council.  He  filled  the  position  of  Judge  of 
the  Probate  Court,  and  was  one  of  the  Commissioners 
of  Indian  Affairs  from  New  York.  Elected  a  delegate 
to  Congress  1776-1778  and  in  1780-1784.  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  New  York  from  1786-1796.  Was  elected 
Governor  in  the  latter  year  and  filled  that  position 
until  his  death. 


323.  WYTHE,  GEORGE  J.  F.  Wear 

(After  John  Trumbull) 

Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Vir¬ 
ginia.  Born  1726;  died  1806.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  House  of  Burgesses,  and  was  appointed,  in 
1764,  on  the  commission  organized  to  remonstrate 
against  the  proposed  Stamp  Act.  He  was  again  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  1768-1769,  and  in  1775 
was  elected  to  the  Continental  Congress.  Wythe  was 
chosen  Judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  in  1777, 
and  subsequently  became  Chancellor.  He  was  for  a 
time  professor  of  law  in  the  William  and  Mary  Col¬ 
lege.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and 
signed  that  instrument. 


324.  YEATES,  JASPER  Albert  Rosenthal 

(A  copy) 

Judge.  Born  1745;  died  1817.  At  an  early  age  he 
espoused  the  patriot  cause,  helping  Congress  in  many 
ways  through  his  untiring  work  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
held  a  number  of  offices  at  various  times  during  the 
Revolution.  In  1791  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death. 


172 


INDEPENDENCE 


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173 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


INKSTAND  USED  IN  SIGNING  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 


THE 


JAMES  SHARPLESS 
COLLECTION 

OF 


PORTRAITS  IN  PASTEL 


THE  JAMES  SHARPLESS  COLLECTION 


TAMES  SHARPLESS,  the  artist  who  made  these 
*  small  portraits  in  pastel,  was  born  in  England 
about  1751.  He  died  in  New  York  City  February  26, 
1811.  He  came  to  America  in  1794,  but  after  remain¬ 
ing  here  several  years,  returned  to  England.  He  again 
came  to  America  in  1809. 

This  collection  is  the  greater  part  of  the  only 
known  work  by  him  which  is  unquestionably  authen¬ 
tic.  The  portraits  are  done  on  a  thick  gray  paper, 
softly  grained  and  of  woolly  texture.  His  colored 
crayons,  which  he  manufactured  himself,  were  kept 
finely  powdered  in  small  glass  cups,  and  he  applied 
them  with  a  camel’s  hair  pencil.  Sharpless  is  said  to 
have  worked  with  great  rapidity,  completing  a  portrait 
in  two  hours,  for  which  he  charged  fifteen  dollars  for  a 
profile  and  twenty  dollars  for  a  full  face.  He  usually 
made  a  replica  of  each  portrait,  which  he  retained  for 
his  own  use.  This  personal  collection  came  into  the 
possession  of  a  gentleman  in  Virginia  as  a  pledge  for  a 
loan  of  $150.  He  took  Washington’s  portrait  in  profile 
in  1796  in  Philadelphia  and  the  likeness  has  always 
been  considered  a  very  correct  one. 

This  collection  was  purchased,  during  the  Cen¬ 
tennial  in  1876,  by  the  City  of  Philadelphia  for 
exhibition  in  Independence  Hall. 

176 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


325.  ADAMS,  JOHN 

See  No.  2. 

326.  ADET,  PIERRE  AUGUSTE 

French  diplomatist.  Born  1763;  died  1832.  He  left 
the  artillery  service  to  devote  himself  to  the  study 
of  chemistry,  and  later  engaged  in  politics,  and  was 
appointed  Minister  to  the  United  States  1795.  In 
1797  he  broke  off  diplomatic  relations  with  this  coun¬ 
try.  Before  he  left  for  France  he  addressed  a  note  to 
the  American  people  intending  to  inflame  them  against 
the  policy  of  their  Government. 

327.  AMES,  FISHER 

American  stateman.  Born  1758;  died  1808.  Graduated 
at  Harvard  1774.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1781. 
In  1788  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Con¬ 
stitutional  Convention,  and  was  next  elected  a  Member 
of  Congress,  and  for  eight  years  took  an  active  part  in 
National  councils.  He  remained  in  public  life  until 
his  health  failed. 

328.  BARD,  JOHN 

Physician.  Born  1716;  died  1799.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  a  classical  education  at  Philadelphia, 
was  seven  years  a  surgeon’s  apprentice  there,  and 
began  a  lasting  friendship  with  Benjamin  Franklin. 
He  established  himself  in  New  York  in  1746,  and  soon 
ranked  among  the  most  skillful  doctors  in  the  Col¬ 
onies.  In  1750  he  assisted  Doctor  Middleton  in  the 
first  recorded  dissection  in  America.  In  1759  he  was 
appointed  to  take  measures  to  prevent  the  spread  of 
ship  fever,  and  selected  Bedloe’s  Island  for  his  hos¬ 
pital,  of  which  he  took  charge.  In  1778  he  withdrew 
from  the  city,  but  after  the  Revolution  he  resumed 

177 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


practice  there,  and  in  1788  became  first  President  of 
the  New  York  Medical  Society.  In  1795,  when  the 
yellow  fever  raged  in  New  York,  Doctor  Bard,  though 
nearly  eighty  years  old,  remained  at  his  post. 


329.  BROWN,  CHARLES  BROCKDEN 

American  novelist.  Born  1771 ;  died  1810.  He  was  of 
Quaker  lineage.  His  attachment  to  books  as  a  child 
was  remarkable,  and  after  receiving  a  liberal  educa¬ 
tion  under  Robert  Proud,  the  historian,  he  had  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  formed  plans  for  extensive  literary 
work.  He  went  to  New  York  and  in  1798  published 
his  first  novel,  “Wieland.  ”  In  1803,  having  returned 
to  Philadelphia,  he  began  the  “Literary  Magazine 
and  American  Register,’ ’  which  he  published  for  five 
years. 

> 


330.  BURR,  AARON 

Statesman.  Born  1756;  died  1836.  He  was  graduated 
at  Princeton  1772.  He  began  the  study  of  law,  but 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  abandoned  his 
studies  and  joined  the  patriot  army.  He  served  with 
distinction  in  different  capacities  throughout  the  strug¬ 
gle.  In  1788  he  entered  politics,  and  soon  after  was 
made  Attorney-General  of  New  York.  In  1791  Burr 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator.  In  the  Presi¬ 
dential  contest  in  1800  he  entered  the  fight  as  a  can¬ 
didate  with  great  energy,  and  after  a  great  contest 
was  elected  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 
Through  a  political  dispute  he  challenged  Alexander 
Hamilton  in  1804  to  fight  a  duel;  in  this  duel  Hamil¬ 
ton  was  mortally  wounded.  For  this  act  Burr  was 
charged  with  murder,  and  was  forced  to  flee  to  South 
Carolina,  where  he  took  refuge  with  his  daughter.  He 
later  formed  a  conspiracy  against  the  United  States, 
for  which  he  was  arrested,  charged  with  treason.  After 
an  exciting  trial  he  was  acquitted  of  the  charge,  but 
he  was  in  such  bad  odium  in  America  that  he  left  the 


178 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


country,  visiting  in  turn  England,  Sweden,  Germany 
and  France.  He  returned  to  America  four  years  later 
and  settled  in  New  York.  Burr’s  last  days  were  one 
succession  of  bitter  disappointments.  He  died  in  great 
disgrace  and  poverty  at  Port  Richmond,  Staten  Island. 


331.  CLINTON,  DE  WITT 

Governor  of  New  York.  Born  1769;  died  1828.  He 
was  the  son  of  General  James  Clinton.  Graduated  at 
Columbia  College  1786.  In  1799  he  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  New  York,  after  having  previously  spent 
two  years  in  the  House.  In  1802  he  was  appointed  a 
United  States  Senator.  His  last  vote  in  the  Senate 
was  to  confirm  the  treaty  for  the  purchase  of  Louisi¬ 
ana.  He  was  chosen  Mayor  of  New  York  in  1803,  and 
annually  reelected  except  in  1807,  1809  and  1810,  until 
1815,  exerting  himself  in  every  way  to  promote  the 
prosperity  of  that  city.  Elected  Governor  of  New 
York  in  1817,  1819,  1824  and  1826.  During  his  admin¬ 
istration  the  Erie  Canal  was  finished. 


332.  CLINTON,  JAMES 

American  General.  Born  1736;  died  1812.  During  the 
war  of  1756  between^  the  English  and  French  he  served 
as  Captain  under  Bradstreet,  and  in  consideration  of 
services  rendered  at  the  capture  of  Frontenac  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Captain-Commandant  of  four  regiments  raised 
for  the  protection  of  the  Western  frontier  of  New 
York.  In  1775  he  became  Colonel  of  the  Third  New 
York  Regiment,  and  in  1776  was  made  Brigadier- 
General.  In  1777  he  made  a  brave  defense  of  Fort 
Clinton  against  a  British  attack,  and  was  wounded,  but 
after  the  taking  of  the  fort  escaped  personal  capture 
by  the  British.  In  1779  he  distinguished  himself  in 
Sullivan’s  campaign  against  the  Indians,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  Revolution  was  present  at  the  siege  of 
Yorktown  and  at  the  reoccupation  of  New  York.  lie 
served  as  a  commissioner  to  adjust  the  boundary  line 

179 


CATALOGUE  OF  PIC TUBES 


between  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Legislature,  and  of  the  State  conven¬ 
tion  which  adopted  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

333.  CRUGER,  HENRY 

Politician.  Born  in  New  York  1739;  died  1827.  Went 
to  England  1780,  and  succeeded  his  father  as  Mayor 
of  Bristol,  England,  in  1781.  He  was  elected  to  Par¬ 
liament  in  1774,  and  reelected  in  1784.  After  the 
American  Revolution  he  came  to  New  York  and  estab¬ 
lished  himself  there  as  a  merchant.  He  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  Legislature  while  still  a  member  of 
the  British  Parliament. 

334.  CUSHING,  MRS.  WILLIAM 

Wife  of  William  Cushing,  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  At  the  organization  of 
the  Federal  Government  President  Washington  ap¬ 
pointed  him  to  that  office,  which  he  held  until  his 
death,  although  for  some  time,  by  reason  of  ill  health, 
he  was  unable  to  attend  to  his  duties.  Through  all  this 
time  his  wife  was  his  constant  companion  and  nurse. 

335.  DAYTON,  ELIAS 

Revolutionary  officer.  Born  1737;  died  1807.  He  began 
his  military  career  by  joining  the  British  Army  and 
fought  under  Wolfe  at  Quebec.  Subsequently  he  com¬ 
manded  a  company  of  militia,  with  which  he  marched 
on  an  expedition  against  the  Northern  Indians.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  at  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  the  Revolution.  In  1777  he  served  as 
Colonel  of  the  Third  New  Jersey  Regiment,  and  aided 
in  suppressing  the  mutiny  of  the  New  Jersey  line  1781. 
He  was  made  Brigadier-General  1783.  After  the  war 
he  .served  in  the  Legislature  of  his  native  State,  and 
was  made  Major-General  of  militia.  He  was  also 
Member  of  Congress  1787-1788.  He  was  President  of 
of  the  New  Jersey  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 

180 


INDEPENDENCE  HALE 


336.  FEW,  WILLIAM 

See  No.  69. 

337.  GATES,  HORATIO 

See  No.  78. 

338.  GREEN,  ASHBEL 

American  clergyman.  Born  1762;  died  1848.  Grad¬ 
uated  at  Princeton  1784.  He  was  a  non-commissioned 
officer  for  four  years  in  the  Revolution,  and  then  went 
to  Philadelphia,  where  he  became  pastor  of  the  Sec¬ 
ond  Presbyterian  Church.  In  1812  he  was  chosen  Presi¬ 
dent  of  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  from  which 
he  withdrew  in  1822,  when  past  sixty  years  of  age. 
He  moved  to  Philadelphia  again,  where  he  preached 
to  the  poor  and  edited  a  paper  called  the  “Christian 
Advocate/ 1 

339.  HAMILTON,  ALEXANDER 

See  No.  97. 

340.  HOBART,  JOHN  SLOSS 

Jurist.  Born  1738;  died  1805.  He  was  graduated  at 
Yale  1757,  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
practiced  in  New  York  State.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Provincial  Convention  of  1775,  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Congress,  and  one  of  the  committee  to  draft 
the  State  Constitution.  In  1777  he  became  Judge  of 
the  District  Court  of  New  York.  At  the  close  of  the 
Revolution  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  He  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  in 
1798. 

* 

341.  JEFFERSON,  THOMAS 

See  No.  130. 


181 


CATALOGUE  OF  PICTURES 


342.  JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  SAMUEL 

See  No.  135. 


343.  KENT,  JAMES 

Jurist.  Born  1763;  died  1847.  He  was  graduated  at 
Yale  1781.  He  then  studied  law  and  practiced  his 
profession  at  Poughkeepsie  and  New  York  City,  where 
he  was  Professor  of  Law  at  Columbia  College.  In 
1797  he  was  Recorder  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and 
in  1798  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  that  State,  and  in  1804  was  made  Chief  Justice.  In 
1814  he  was  appointed  Chancellor.  Retired  at  the  age 
of  sixty  and  then  wrote  his  famous  commentaries. 


344.  LE  FEVRE 

Aide  to  Colonel  Armand  de  la  Rouerie,  who  followed 
La  Rouerie  to  America,  and  went  with  him  when  he 
was  presented  to  Congress.  He  was  offered  a  brevet 
of  Colonel  but  refused  it. 


345.  LANGDON,  JOHN 

See  No.  149. 

346.  LAURENS,  HENRY 

See  No.  150. 


347.  LIVINGSTON,  ROBERT  R. 

See  No.  163. 


348.  McHENRY,  JAMES 
See  No.  172. 


182 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


349.  McKEAN,  THOMAS 
See  No.  174. 

350.  MADISON,  MRS.  JAMES 

Wife  of  President  James  Madison.  Born  1772;  died 
1849.  Her  maiden  name  was  Dorothy  Payne.  She  was 
originally  from  Virginia,  but  moved  with  her  parents 
to  Philadelphia,  where  she  married  John  Todd,  who 
died  three  years  later,  leaving  her  with  one  son.  Mr. 
Madison,  then  a  Member  of  Congress,  boarded  at  the 
house  of  her  mother.  He  fell  in  love  with  the  young 
widow  and  married  her  in  1794.  Of  her  grace  and 
dignity  while  her  husband  was  President  much  has 
been  said. 

351.  MONROE,  JAMES 

See  No.  189. 

352.  PINCKNEY,  CHARLES  COTESWORTH 

See  No.  226. 

353.  PUTNAM,  RUFUS 

American  soldier.  Born  1738;  died  1824.  In  1773  he 
was  appointed  a  deputy  surveyor  of  Florida.  In  the 
Revolutionary  War  he  was  chief  engineer,  with  the 
rank  of  Colonel,  in  charge  of  the  fortifications  of  New 
York.  In  1783  he  was  appointed  Brigadier- General. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature, 
and  an  aide  to  Governor  Lincoln  in  the  Shays  rebel¬ 
lion  1787.  Putnam  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  Northwest  Territory  in  1789,  and  United  States 
Surveyor-General  1793-1803. 

354.  RUSH,  BENJAMIN 
See  No.  249. 


183 


CATALOGUE  OF  PIC TUBES 


355.  SHERBOURNE,  COLONEL  HENRY 

A  Revolutionary  officer.  He  served  as  Major  in  Var- 
num’s  Regiment  and  was  taken  prisoner  at  the 
‘  ‘Cedars.’'  He  was  commissioned  to  settle  the  ac¬ 
counts  of  Rhode  Island  with  the  United  States.  He 
represented  Newport  in  the  Rhode  Island  Assembly, 
and  was  Treasurer  of  Rhode  Island  from  1792-1818. 


356.  SMITH,  ISAAC 

Patriot.  Born  1736;  died  1807.  Graduated  at  Prince¬ 
ton  1775,  was  a  tutor  there,  studied  medicine  and  sub¬ 
sequently  followed  that  profession.  He  early  espoused 
the  patriot  cause  and  commanded  a  regiment  in  1776. 
He  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey 
1783-1801,  and  a  Member  of  Congress  1795-1797. 

357.  SMITH,  SAMUEL 

See  No.  266. 

358.  SMITH,  WILLIAM  LANGSTON 

An  American  diplomatist  and  statesman.  Elected  to 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  in  1789,  and  in  1800 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Spain.  He  published  sev¬ 
eral  political  works  and  essays  under  the  signature  of 
“Phocian.”  Died  in  1812. 

359.  SPAIGHT,  RICHARD  DOBBS 

See  No.  268. 

360.  STOUGHTON,  WILLIAM 

Spanish  minister  to  the  United  States,  and  a  resident 
of  Philadelphia,  during  the  time  this  city  was  the 
temporary  Capital  of  the  new  nation. 

184 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


361.  VON  BERCKEL 

The  Dutch  Minister  to  the  United  States,  and  a  resi¬ 
dent  of  Philadelphia  during  the  time  that  city  was 
the  temporary  Capital  of  the  new  nation. 


362.  VAN  CORTLANDT,  PHILIP 

American  soldier.  Born  1749;  died  1831.  In  1775  he 
was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  New 
York  militia,  and  in  1776  was  made  Colonel  by  Wash¬ 
ington.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly 
and  of  the  Senate,  also  a  Member  of  Congress  1793- 
1809.  He  accompanied  General  Lafayette,  as  his  per¬ 
sonal  escort,  on  his  travels  through  this  country  in 
1824. 


363.  WADSWORTH,  JEREMIAH 

Born  1743;  died  1804.  He  originated  a  number  of 
plans  for  the  improvement  of  his  native  town,  Hart¬ 
ford,  Connecticut,  and  held  several  local  offices.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  Revolution  he  was  Commissary-General  of  the 
Army.  In  1786-1788  he  was  a  Member  of  Congress. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  he  was  elected 
to  Congress  again  1789-1795. 


364.  WASHINGTON,  BUSHROD 

American  jurist.  Born  1762;  died  1829.  A  nephew  of 
George  Washington.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Vir¬ 
ginia  House  of  Delegates,  and  the  Virginia  ratifying 
convention  on  the  Eederal  Constitution,  1788.  He  was 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  from  1798  until  the  time  of  his  death. 

365.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE 

See  No.  300. 


185 


CATALOGUE  OE  PICTURES 


366.  WAYNE,  ANTHONY 

See  No.  306. 


367.  WEBSTER,  NOAH 

Philologist.  Born  1758;  died  1843.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  1778.  In  1783  he  wrote  “A  Grammatical  In¬ 
stitute  of  the  English  Language,  ”  which  consisted  of 
a  spelling-book,  a  grammar,  and  a  reading-book,  and 
also  published  some  political  essays.  In  1793  he  started 
in  New  York  the  “Commercial  Advertiser. 11  In  1798 
he  removed  to  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  and  in  1806 
began  work  upon  his  “American  Dictionary  of  the 
English  Language/’  first  published  in  1828. 


368.  WILKINSON,  JAMES 

See  No.  318. 


369.  YRUJO,  DON  CARLOS  MARQUIS  DE 

Born  at  Cartagena,  Spain,  December  4,  1763.  He  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Salamanca,  and  entered 
the  diplomatic  service  of  his  country.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo¬ 
tentiary  to  the  United  States  in  1796-1804. 


186 


SCULPTURE 


370.  FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN 

Bust  in  marble,  presented  by  P.  S.  P.  Conner, 
April  24,  1875. 

See  No.  73. 

371.  PAINE,  THOMAS 
Bust  in  marble. 

See  No.  210. 

372.  PENN,  THOMAS  Patience  Wright,  1773 

Bust  in  marble. 

See  No.  218. 

373.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  William  Rush  (in  wood) 

See  No.  300. 

This  wood  carving  is  conceded  to  be  the  master¬ 
piece  of  the  celebrated  American  woodcarver. 

374.  WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  F.  Barbedienne 

Bust  in  bronze. 

See  No.  300. 


375.  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 

This  is  an  original  anastatic  facsimile  of  the  parch¬ 
ment  made  in  1823  by  order  of  President  Monroe, 
when  John  Quincy  Adams  was  Secretary  of  State. 
Adams,  in  compliance  with  a  resolution  of  Congress 
of  May  26,  1824,  authorized  the  distribution  of  200 
copies  to  the  Signers  who  were  then  living,  and  their 
heirs.  This  is  one  of  the  copies. 

187 


S.  H.  Morse,  1876 


"~1 


CONGRESS  HALL 

Where  the  First  United  States  Congress  Met 


UNIVERSfTY  OF 


